01288nas a2200145 4500008004100000020002300041245015500064210006900219260003500288300001100323520070800334100002901042700002201071856004901093 2019 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aWhy be original? Two new species of Choeradoplana resembling the type species of the genus in their external aspects (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola)0 aWhy be original Two new species of Choeradoplana resembling the bPensoft Publishersc2019/01/07 a1 - 193 aThe genus Choeradoplana Graff, 1896 encompasses 16 species, most of them found in Brazil. Herein two new species of this genus are described from remnants of Araucaria moist forests, located in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, south Brazil. Both species resemble the type-species of the genus, C.iheringi, showing brownish dorsal surface covered by dark-brown flecks. However, regarding their anatomy, the new species differ from C.iheringi and other congeners by a long and horizontal disposed permanent papilla. In such aspects, both species resemble C.benyai, but differ from this species, as well as from each other, in details of the prostatic vesicle, ejaculatory duct, and penis papilla.1 aTurralde, Giuly, Gouvêa1 aLeal-Zanchet, Ana uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3064752301393nas a2200133 4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260001500231520093000246100001801176700001901194856004601213 2018 eng d a1934-284500aAre Planaria Individuals? What Regenerative Biology is Telling Us About the Nature of Multicellularity0 aAre Planaria Individuals What Regenerative Biology is Telling Us c2018/03/123 aFreshwater planaria (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida) pose a challenge to current concepts of biological individuality. We review molecular and developmental evidence suggesting that mature intact planaria are not biological individuals but their totipotent stem cells (neoblasts) are individuals. Neoblasts within a single planarian body are, in particular, genetically heterogeneous, migratory, effectively immortal, and effectively autonomous. They cooperate to maintain the planarian body as an obligate environment but compete to make this environment maximally conducive to the survival of their own neoblast lineages. These results suggest that planaria have not fully completed the transition to multicellularity, but instead represent an intermediate form in which a small number of genetically-heterogeneous, reproductively-competent cells effectively “farm” their reproductively-incompetent offspring.1 aFields, Chris1 aLevin, Michael uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-018-9448-902334nas a2200205 4500008004100000245017300041210006900214300001200283490000700295520162800302653001701930653002401947653001401971653001501985653001302000100001602013700001802029700001902047856006202066 2018 eng d00aDiversification and biogeographic history of the Western Palearctic freshwater flatworm genus Schmidtea (Tricladida: Dugesiidae), with a redescription of Schmidtea nova0 aDiversification and biogeographic history of the Western Palearc a335-3510 v563 aAbstract The freshwater flatworm genus Schmidtea is endemic in the Western Palearctic region, where it is represented by only four species, thus contrasting with the high species diversity of the closely related genus Dugesia within Europe. Although containing an important model species in developmental and regeneration research, viz. Schmidtea mediterranea, no evolutionary studies on the genus Schmidtea have been undertaken. For the first time, we present a well-resolved molecular phylogenetic tree of the four species of the genus, inferred on the basis of two molecular markers, and provide also the first detailed morphological account of Schmidtea nova. The phylogenetic tree generated corroborates an earlier speciation hypothesis based on karyological data and points to chromosomal rearrangements as the main drivers of speciation in this genus. The high genetic divergence between the four species, in combination with previous dating studies and their current geographic distribution, suggests that Schmidtea could have originated in Laurasia but lost most of its diversity during the Oligocene. Thus, its present distribution pattern may be the result of the expansion of three of its four relictual species over Europe, probably after the Pleistocene glaciations. Our detailed morphological study of S. nova revealed that it shows a number of remarkable features: interconnected testis follicles, parovaria, an ejaculatory duct exiting into the primary as well as the secondary seminal vesicle by means of a nipple, and the wall of the distal section of the ejaculatory duct being sclerotic or chitinized.10aBiogeography10amolecular phylogeny10aSchmidtea10aspeciation10ataxonomy1 aLeria, Laia1 aSluys, Ronald1 aRiutort, Marta uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jzs.1221403688nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001400041245017000055210006900225260001500294300001000309490000600319520277400325653001403099653002003113653001103133653002703144653001903171653003203190653002003222100002203242700001803264700001803282700001703300700002303317700001903340856003903359 2018 eng d a2167-835900aGiant worms chez moi! Hammerhead flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae, Bipalium spp., Diversibipalium spp.) in metropolitan France and overseas French territories0 aGiant worms chez moi Hammerhead flatworms Platyhelminthes Geopla c2018/05/22 ae46720 v63 aBackground Species of the genera Bipalium and Diversibipalium, or bipaliines, are giants among land planarians (family Geoplanidae), reaching length of 1 m; they are also easily distinguished from other land flatworms by the characteristic hammer shape of their head. Bipaliines, which have their origin in warm parts of Asia, are invasive species, now widespread worldwide. However, the scientific literature is very scarce about the widespread repartition of these species, and their invasion in European countries has not been studied. Methods In this paper, on the basis of a four year survey based on citizen science, which yielded observations from 1999 to 2017 and a total of 111 records, we provide information about the five species present in Metropolitan France and French overseas territories. We also investigated the molecular variability of cytochrome-oxidase 1 (COI) sequences of specimens. Results Three species are reported from Metropolitan France: Bipalium kewense, Diversibipalium multilineatum, and an unnamed Diversibipalium ‘black’ species. We also report the presence of B. kewense from overseas territories, such as French Polynesia (Oceania), French Guiana (South America), the Caribbean French islands of Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy, and Montserrat (Central America), and La Réunion island (off South-East Africa). For B. vagum, observations include French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Barthélemy, Saint Martin, Montserrat, La Réunion, and Florida (USA). A probable new species, Diversibipalium sp. ‘blue,’ is reported from Mayotte Island (off South–East Africa). B. kewense, B. vagum and D. multilineatum each showed 0% variability in their COI sequences, whatever their origin, suggesting that the specimens are clonal, and that sexual reproduction is probably absent. COI barcoding was efficient in identifying species, with differences over 10% between species; this suggests that barcoding can be used in the future for identifying these invasive species. In Metropolitan south–west France, a small area located in the Department of Pyrénées-Atlantiques was found to be a hot-spot of bipaliine biodiversity and abundance for more than 20 years, probably because of the local mild weather. Discussion The present findings strongly suggest that the species present in Metropolitan France and overseas territories should be considered invasive alien species. Our numerous records in the open in Metropolitan France raise questions: as scientists, we were amazed that these long and brightly coloured worms could escape the attention of scientists and authorities in a European developed country for such a long time; improved awareness about land planarians is certainly necessary. 10aBarcoding10aCitizen science10aFrance10aInvasive alien species10aLand planarian10aOverseas French territories10aPlatyhelminthes1 aJustine, Jean-Lou1 aWinsor, Leigh1 aGey, Delphine1 aGros, Pierre1 aThévenot, Jessica1 aRiutort, Marta uhttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.467202490nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245014100055210006900196260003900265300001600304490000600320520169900326653002502025653001502050653002802065653001202093653001702105653002202122100002702144700002002171700001902191856003802210 2018 eng d a2045-775800aHidden diversity in forest soils: Characterization and comparison of terrestrial flatworm’s communities in two national parks in Spain0 aHidden diversity in forest soils Characterization and comparison bJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltdc2018/08/01 a7386 - 74000 v83 aAbstract Terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, and Geoplanidae) belong to what is known as cryptic soil fauna of humid forests and are animals not easily found or captured in traps. Nonetheless, they have been demonstrated to be good indicators of the conservation status of their habitat as well as a good model to reconstruct the recent and old events affecting biodiversity. This is mainly due to their delicate constitution, their dependence on the integrity of their habitat, and their very low dispersal capacity. At present, little is known about their communities, except for some studies performed in Brazil. In this work, we analyze for the first time in Europe terrestrial flatworm communities. We have selected two protected areas belonging to the Red Española de Parques Nacionales. Our aims include performing a first study of the species richness and community structure for European terrestrial planarian species at regional and local scale. We evaluate the effect of type of forests in the community composition and flatworms? abundance, but also have into account the phylogenetic framework (never considered in previous studies) analyzed based on molecular data. We find differences in the species composition among parks, with an astonishingly high diversity of endemic species in the Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa and an extremely low diversity of species in the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido. These divergent patterns cannot be attributed to differences in physical variables, and in addition, the analyses of their phylogenetic relationships and, for a few species, their genetic structure, point to a more probable historical explanation.10aLast Glacial Maximum10aMicroplana10amolecular phylogenetics10arefugia10asoil ecology10aspecies diversity1 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta1 aMateos, Eduardo1 aRiutort, Marta uhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.417801221nas a2200157 4500008004100000020002200041245003800063210003800101260004400139300001100183520076300194100001800957700001900975700002100994856004801015 2018 eng d a978-1-4939-7802-100aPlanarian Diversity and Phylogeny0 aPlanarian Diversity and Phylogeny aNew York, NYbSpringer New Yorkc2018// a1 - 563 aHundreds of planarian species exist worldwide, representing a rich phenotypic diversity. This chapter presents an overview of the morphology and anatomy of various taxonomic groups of planarian flatworms, focusing on features enabling recognition and identification of the animals. The most recent view on the phylogenetic relationships of the planarians is presented, together with geographic distribution patterns of major groups of triclads. The chapter concludes with a brief methodological section outlining species identification on basis of anatomical features. In conjunction with the established laboratory model species, the phenotypic diversity of planarians provides rich opportunities for comparative studies, which this chapter aims to inspire.1 aSluys, Ronald1 aRiutort, Marta1 aRink, Jochen, C. uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7802-1_102156nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245009200055210007100147260000900218300001600227490000700243520143800250100002101688700001901709700001801728700002201746700001501768700002001783700002601803700002001829700002501849856004001874 2018 eng d a0305-104800aPlanMine 3.0—improvements to a mineable resource of flatworm biology and biodiversity0 aPlanMine 30—improvements to a mineable resource of flatworm biol c2018 aD812 - D8200 v473 aFlatworms (Platyhelminthes) are a basally branching phylum that harbours a wealth of fascinating biology, including planarians with their astonishing regenerative abilities and the parasitic tape worms and blood flukes that exert a massive impact on human health. PlanMine (http://planmine.mpi-cbg.de/) has the mission objective of providing both a mineable sequence repository for planarians and also a resource for the comparative analysis of flatworm biology. While the original PlanMine release was entirely based on transcriptomes, the current release transitions to a more genomic perspective. Building on the recent availability of a high quality genome assembly of the planarian model species Schmidtea mediterranea, we provide a gene prediction set that now assign existing transcripts to defined genomic coordinates. The addition of recent single cell and bulk RNA-seq datasets greatly expands the available gene expression information. Further, we add transcriptomes from a broad range of other flatworms and provide a phylogeny-aware interface that makes evolutionary species comparisons accessible to non-experts. At its core, PlanMine continues to utilize the powerful InterMine framework and consistent data annotations to enable meaningful inter-species comparisons. Overall, PlanMine 3.0 thus provides a host of new features that makes the fascinating biology of flatworms accessible to the wider research community.1 aRozanski, Andrei1 aBrandl, Holger1 aMoon, HongKee1 aGrohme, Markus, A1 aHenry, Ian1 aRink, Jochen, C1 aMartin-Duran, Jose, M1 aHüttner, Katja1 aBartscherer, Kerstin uhttps://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gky107001522nas a2200145 4500008004100000020002300041245014400064210006900208260003500277300001200312520095700324100002201281700002401303856004901327 2018 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aSearching for shelter in a ferruginous cave? A new species of Pasipha from a plateau in the Brazilian savanna (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)0 aSearching for shelter in a ferruginous cave A new species of Pas bPensoft Publishersc2018/07/26 a13 - 253 aIn a fauna survey in the eastern margin of Serra do Espinhaço Plateau, in an area belonging to the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado phytophysiognomy), a land flatworm was sampled in a ferruginous cave. Anatomical and histological analyses indicated that it belongs to a new species of the genus Pasipha, which is herein described. The new species shows an almost homogenous dark brown dorsal pigmentation, eyes spreading over the dorsal surface, a collar-shaped pharynx, and a prostatic vesicle with two portions separated by a canal. It differs from similar species mainly by anatomical and histological details of the ejaculatory duct, as well as male and female atria. The flatworm shows no troglomorphic traits and was collected once in the entrance zone of the cave. Hence, despite representing the first land flatworm species described from a Neotropical cave, we consider that its occurrence in the cave is probably occasional, using it as a shelter.1 aLeal-Zanchet, Ana1 aMarques, Alessandro uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3010078202270nas a2200205 4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169260003300238300001100271520158000282100002801862700001801890700002301908700002301931700002101954700002101975700001601996856005202012 2017 eng d a2150-559400aAntimicrobial capacity of the freshwater planarians against S. aureus is under the control of Timeless0 aAntimicrobial capacity of the freshwater planarians against iS a bTaylor & Francisc2017/01/04 a1 - 103 a
ABSTRACTPlanarians, which are non-parasitic flatworms, are highly resistant to bacterial infections. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this resistance, we investigated the role of the circadian machinery in the anti-bacterial response of the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. We identified Smed-Tim from S. mediterranea as a homolog of the mammalian clock gene Tim. We showed via RNA interference that Smed-Tim is required for the anti-microbial activities of Schmidtea mediterranea against Staphylococcus aureus infection during the light/dark cycle. Indeed, S. aureus infection leads to the expression of Smed-Tim, which in turn promotes Smed-Traf6 and Smed-morn2, but not Smed-p38 MAPK expression, 2 master regulators of planarian anti-microbial responses.ABSTRACTPlanarians, which are non-parasitic flatworms, are highly resistant to bacterial infections. To better understand the mechanisms underlying this resistance, we investigated the role of the circadian machinery in the anti-bacterial response of the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. We identified Smed-Tim from S. mediterranea as a homolog of the mammalian clock gene Tim. We showed via RNA interference that Smed-Tim is required for the anti-microbial activities of Schmidtea mediterranea against Staphylococcus aureus infection during the light/dark cycle. Indeed, S. aureus infection leads to the expression of Smed-Tim, which in turn promotes Smed-Traf6 and Smed-morn2, but not Smed-p38 MAPK expression, 2 master regulators of planarian anti-microbial responses.
1 aTsoumtsa, Landry, Laure1 aTorre, Cedric1 aTrouplin, Virginie1 aCoiffard, Benjamin1 aGimenez, Gregory1 aMege, Jean-Louis1 aGhigo, Eric uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2016.127668902302nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245016800055210006900223260001100292300001100303520155500314100001701869700002001886700002301906700002301929700002401952700001901976700002201995700001902017856004802036 2017 eng d a1559-029100aBiochemical and Molecular Study of Carpobrotus edulis Bioactive Properties and Their Effects on Dugesia sicula (Turbellaria, Tricladida) Regeneration0 aBiochemical and Molecular Study of iCarpobrotus edulisi Bioactiv c2017// a1 - 133 aThe traditional medicinal properties of Carpobrotus edulis are well recognized, particularly in Tunisia where it is used for wound healing. Thus, in this study, biochemical and molecular properties of its leaves’ bioactive aqueous-acetone extract were investigated. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extract was estimated to be 184 ± 5 mg/100 g of fresh matter (FM). The qualitative and quantitative polyphenolic profile was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD) and showed that chlorogenic acid was the major compound (43.7%). The extract exhibits potent antioxidant capacities with IC50 = 56.19 and 58.91 μg/ml, as accessed via the anionic DPPH and cationic ABTS radical scavenging assays, respectively. The extract has high antibacterial properties, especially against the Gram+ Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus strains. To investigate the extract effect on regeneration, the flatworm Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948, was used as a model. The macroscopic analysis of planarian cultures in ordinary medium containing phenolic extract at non-toxic concentrations illustrated that the extract caused morphological changes. Additionally, the molecular study through the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique showed that C. edulis polyphenols can harm the stem cells’ development. These results emphasize the ecotoxicological impact of phenolic rejections in the environment on flatworms’ physiology.
1 aMeddeb, Emna1 aCharni, Mohamed1 aGhazouani, Tesnime1 aCozzolino, Autilia1 aFratianni, Florinda1 aRaboudi, Faten1 aNazzaro, Filomena1 aFattouch, Sami uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2387-y01894nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260001600215490000600231520114900237100002001386700001301406700002701419700002301446700002201469700001701491700002001508700001801528700002101546700003301567856005201600 2017 eng d a2050-084X00aEmbryonic origin of adult stem cells required for tissue homeostasis and regeneration.0 aEmbryonic origin of adult stem cells required for tissue homeost c2017 Jan 100 v63 aPlanarian neoblasts are pluripotent, adult somatic stem cells and lineage-primed progenitors that are required for the production and maintenance of all differentiated cell types, including the germline. Neoblasts, originally defined as undifferentiated cells residing in the adult parenchyma, are frequently compared to embryonic stem cells yet their developmental origin remains obscure. We investigated the provenance of neoblasts during Schmidtea mediterranea embryogenesis, and report that neoblasts arise from an anarchic, cycling piwi-1+ population wholly responsible for production of all temporary and definitive organs during embryogenesis. Early embryonic piwi-1+ cells are molecularly and functionally distinct from neoblasts: they express unique cohorts of early embryo enriched transcripts and behave differently than neoblasts in cell transplantation assays. Neoblast lineages arise as organogenesis begins and are required for construction of all major organ systems during embryogenesis. These subpopulations are continuously generated during adulthood, where they act as agents of tissue homeostasis and regeneration.
1 aDavies, Erin, L1 aLei, Kai1 aSeidel, Christopher, W1 aKroesen, Amanda, E1 aMcKinney, Sean, A1 aGuo, Longhua1 aRobb, Sofia, Mc1 aRoss, Eric, J1 aGotting, Kirsten1 aAlvarado, Alejandro, Sanchez uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/170502249nas a2200349 4500008004100000020001400041245012200055210006900177260001500246300001000261490000800271520126900279653001601548653001301564653001201577653001001589653001401599100001901613700001401632700001301646700001901659700001201678700001601690700001801706700001901724700001701743700001501760700001901775700001601794700001801810856007101828 2017 eng d a0378-111900aIdentification and characterization of a novel multifunctional placenta specific protein 8 in Dugesia japonica0 aIdentification and characterization of a novel multifunctional p c2017/5/20/ a1 - 90 v6133 aAbstractPlacenta specific protein 8 (Plac8) has been well studied in vertebrates, yet little is known in invertebrates. In this study, a novel Plac8 from the planarian Dugesia japonica was identified and its functions in immune responses and development were characterized. Our results show that Djplac8 was expressed in the pharynx, epidermis and intestine of intact adult planarian. The expression of DjPlac8 increased significantly upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, and inhibited the growth of the Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), suggesting the role of Plac8 in immune response. Spatial and temporal expression and distribution of DjPlac8 mRNA in regenerated planarians indicates that DjPlac8 was mainly expressed in the pharynx. In situ hybridization also revealed the elevated expression of the DjPlac8 gene in the embryonic pharynx, germ band and parenchyma cells, indicating an important role in embryonic development of D. japonica. When DjPlac8 was deactivated by RNA interference-mediated knockdown, the head of planarians underwent abnormal development. In summary, we identified DjPlac8 as a novel multifunctional protein that plays essential roles in immune response and development of planarians.
10aDevelopment10aImmunity10aPharynx10aPlac810aplanarian1 aPang, Qiuxiang1 aGao, Lili1 aBai, Yun1 aDeng, Hongkuan1 aHan, Yu1 aHu, Wenjing1 aZhang, Yanhui1 aYuan, Shanhang1 aSun, Wenping1 aLu, Yiqian1 aZhang, Xiufang1 aLiu, Baohua1 aZhao, Bosheng uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S037811191730113000851nas a2200253 4500008004100000245014100041210007100182260003700253300001300290490000600303100002200309700002200331700002100353700002000374700002100394700002000415700001900435700002300454700002100477700001700498700002000515700002200535856004000557 2017 eng d00aThe identification of ᴅ-tryptophan as a bioactive substance for postembryonic ovarian development in the planarian Dugesia ryukyuensis0 aidentification of ᴅtryptophan as a bioactive substance for poste bThe Author(s)c2017/03/24/online a45175 - 0 v71 aKobayashi, Kazuya1 aMaezawa, Takanobu1 aTanaka, Hiroyuki1 aOnuki, Hiroyuki1 aHoriguchi, Yurie1 aHirota, Hiroshi1 aIshida, Tetsuo1 aHoriike, Kihachiro1 aAgata, Yasutoshi1 aAoki, Manabu1 aHoshi, Motonori1 aMatsumoto, Midori uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep4517502351nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001600204520180600220100002602026700002002052700002102072700001602093700002002109856005202129 2017 eng d a1549-546900aIncreased taxon sampling reveals thousands of hidden orthologs in flatworms0 aIncreased taxon sampling reveals thousands of hidden orthologs i c2017 Apr 113 aGains and losses shape the gene complement of animal lineages and are a fundamental aspect of genomic evolution. Acquiring a comprehensive view of the evolution of gene repertoires is limited by the intrinsic limitations of common sequence similarity searches and available databases. Thus, a subset of the gene complement of an organism consists of hidden orthologs, i.e., those with no apparent homology to sequenced animal lineages - mistakenly considered new genes - but actually representing rapidly evolving orthologs or undetected paralogs. Here, we describe Leapfrog, a simple automated BLAST pipeline that leverages increased taxon sampling to overcome long evolutionary distances and identify putative hidden orthologs in large transcriptomic databases by transitive homology. As a case study, we used 35 transcriptomes of 29 flatworm lineages to recover 3,427 putative hidden orthologs, some of them not identified by OrthoFinder and HaMStR, two common orthogroup inference algorithms. Unexpectedly, we do not observe a correlation between the number of putative hidden orthologs in a lineage and its 'average' evolutionary rate. Hidden orthologs do not show unusual sequence composition biases that might account for systematic errors in sequence similarity searches. Instead, gene duplication with divergence of one paralog and weak positive selection appear to underlie hidden orthology in Platyhelminthes. By using Leapfrog, we identify key centrosome-related genes and homeodomain classes previously reported as absent in free-living flatworms, e.g. planarians. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that hidden orthologs comprise a significant proportion of the gene repertoire in flatworms, qualifying the impact of gene losses and gains in gene complement evolution.
1 aMartin-Duran, Jose, M1 aRyan, Joseph, F1 aVellutini, Bruno1 aPang, Kevin1 aHejnol, Andreas uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174001371nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245014400055210007100199260001600270300002100286490000900307520073500316100001801051700002201069700002401091700002201115856005201137 2017 eng d a1175-533400aLand flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) of São Tomé: a first account on their diversity, with the description of five new species.0 aLand flatworms Platyhelminthes Geoplanidae of São Tomé a first a c2017 Jan 17 azootaxa.4221.3.20 v42213 aThe present contribution provides the first faunistic and taxonomic account of six species of land flatworm from the island of São Tomé, including five new species of the genus Othelosoma Gray, 1869 and the introduced Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878. One of the new species represents the first African land flatworm that has specks on its dorsal body surface, instead of stripes or a more or less uniform colouration. At least two of the new species were observed to prey on snails. The study details the fourth record of a sclerotic spermatophore in a species of land flatworm, and discusses the definition and homology of double female genital canals in African and Indian species of the genus Othelosoma.
1 aSluys, Ronald1 aNeumann, Matthias1 aDE Lima, Ricardo, F1 aDrewes, Robert, C uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/169701886nas a2200157 4500008004100000245015000041210006900191300001100260520126200271100003201533700001801565700002401583700002601607700002001633856007501653 2017 eng d00aA new species of freshwater flatworm (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dendrocoelidae) inhabiting a chemoautotrophic groundwater ecosystem in Romania0 anew species of freshwater flatworm Platyhelminthes Tricladida De a1–213 aWe report the description of a new species of freshwater flatworm of the genus Dendrocoelum inhabiting the chemoautotrophic ecosystem of Movile Cave as well as several sulfidic wells in the nearby town of Mangalia, thus representing the first planarian species fully described from this extreme biotope. The species was also found in non-sulfidic wells localized in villages in the vicinity of the cave with a total of nine examined populations. Dendrocoelum obstinatum Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. represents the first triclad being able to live in both sulfidic and non-sulfidic waters. Among the fauna of the Mangalia sulfidic ecosystem it is the only species found also outside of the current boundaries of the sulfidic aquifer. One possible explanation of this peculiar distribution is that the new species is limited to the old boundaries of the sulfidic aquifer. The latter became much smaller during the hydrogeological history of the region, so that D. obstinatum may be considered to be an indicator of the extension of the sulfidic aquifer in the past of the Mangalia region. In the context of a biogeographic discussion on the distribution of the genus Dendrocoelum we provide an annotated checklist of species reported from Romania.
1 aStocchino, Giacinta, Angela1 aSluys, Ronald1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aSarbu, Serban, Mircea1 aManconi, Renata uhttp://www.europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/view/46700504nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001400202490000700216100001700223700002000240700001800260700001700278856006300295 2017 eng d00aA new species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Planariidae) from China0 anew species of iPolycelisi Platyhelminthes Tricladida Planariida a263–2760 v631 aDong, Zi-Mei1 aChen, Guang-Wen1 aZhang, He-Cai1 aLiu, De-Zeng uhttp://actazool.nhmus.hu/63/3/ActaZH_2017_Vol_63_3_263.pdf01966nas a2200181 4500008004100000022001400041245011000055210006900165260000900234300001000243490000700253520138500260100003201645700002101677700001801698700001601716856005201732 2017 eng d a1696-354700aThe pioneer factor Smed-gata456-1 is required for gut cell differentiation and maintenance in planarians.0 apioneer factor Smedgata4561 is required for gut cell differentia c2017 a53-630 v613 aHow adult stem cells differentiate into different cell types remains one of the most intriguing questions in regenerative medicine. Pioneer factors are transcription factors that can bind to and open chromatin, and are among the first elements involved in cell differentiation. We used the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model system to study the role of the gata456 family of pioneer factors in gut cell differentiation during both regeneration and maintenance of the digestive system. Our findings reveal the presence of two members of the gata456 family in the Schmidtea mediterranea genome; Smed-gata456-1 and Smed-gata456-2. Our results show that Smed-gata456-1 is the only ortholog with a gut cell-related function. Smed-gata456-1 is essential for the differentiation of precursors into intestinal cells and for the survival of these differentiated cells, indicating a key role in gut regeneration and maintenance. Furthermore, tissues other than the gut appear normal following Smed-gata456-1 RNA interference (RNAi), indicating a gut-specific function. Importantly, different neoblast subtypes are unaffected by Smed-gata456-1(RNAi), suggesting that 1) Smed-gata456-1 is involved in the differentiation and maintenance, but not in the early determination, of gut cells; and 2) that the stem cell compartment is not dependent on a functional gut.
1 aGonzález-Sastre, Alejandro1 aDe Sousa, Nídia1 aAdell, Teresa1 aSalo, Emili uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/170401964nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245019300055210006900248260001600317520137800333100001801711700002301729700001401752856005201766 2017 eng d a1678-437500aPolyploidy as a chromosomal component of stochastic noise: variable scalar multiples of the diploid chromosome complement in the invertebrate species Girardia schubarti from Brazil.0 aPolyploidy as a chromosomal component of stochastic noise variab c2017 Jun 123 aChromosome stoichiometry, a form of genetic plasticity, specifically refers to variation in the standard diploid genomic composition of an individual or species. In the present work, freshwater planarians (Girardia schubarti) were analyzed to recognize variations in chromosomal stoichiometry especially of complete ploidal change between specimens, within specimens and between cells within specimens and any relations they might have with selected components of phenotypic plasticity. Homoploid polyploids for the group reached rational scalar multiples (e.g. tetraploids) or irrational scalar multiples (e.g. triploids). Karyotypic mosaics emerged where individual cells presented polyploid multiples in arithmetic and geometric progressions. Ploidal multiplicity, a chromosomal component of stochastic noise, had positive phenotypic effects (increased dimensions) on morphologic criteria of body length, body width and dorsal surface reflecting a significant genotypic plasticity (GP) and robust phenotypic plasticity (PP). Variable but significant association of genotypic plasticity with robust phenotypic variance suggests kinetics of phenotypic homeostasis that is species-specific permitting phenotypic adaptability to environmental variables by means of GP. That association is diminished, deactivated or lost in more advanced and more complex organisms.
1 aBenya, E, G F1 aLeal-Zanchet, A, M1 aHauser, J uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174704186nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245012500055210006900180300001200249490000700261520364000268100002303908700002203931700002303953856005203976 2017 eng d a0270-506000aPopulation genetics and dispersal of the flatworm, Polycelis coronata: a test of the habitat stability hypothesis0 aPopulation genetics and dispersal of the flatworm iPolycelis cor a179-1920 v323 aABSTRACTThe habitat stability hypothesis states that species in spring-like habitats have little reason to disperse compared to species in temporary habitats. Planarians commonly inhabit springs around the world and they have long been considered poor dispersers. Recently, however, genetic analyses have shown contradictory results on the dispersal of planarians. Asexual planarians that can establish a new population by colonization of a single individual showed little genetic differentiation between sites separated by hundreds of kilometers, whereas species inhabiting springs showed deep differentiation between sites separated by hundreds of meters. The latter results are consistent with the habitat stability hypothesis. We used the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene from 468 individuals of Polycelis coronata, an asexual species, collected from 50 sites, nested in 26 tributaries, in 4 catchments of the Wasatch Mountains of Utah, USA, to explore the dispersal capabilities of P. coronata. The longest distance between sites was 66 km. Despite this small spatial extent, we found that 77% of the 130 haplotypes were collected from a single site and 89% from a single catchment. FST values between local populations in the same tributary (0.221, 0.266, 0.389) were similar to the average FST values in different catchments for other headwater taxa. Also, variation among individuals accounted for the majority of genetic structuring with little differentiation beyond the scale of a single site. Dispersal is very slow in this species which is consistent with the habitat stability hypothesis. However, we suggest that other explanations also warrant consideration. We also identified two potential cryptic species suggesting a high degree of hidden variation at the level of species in this genus.ABSTRACTThe habitat stability hypothesis states that species in spring-like habitats have little reason to disperse compared to species in temporary habitats. Planarians commonly inhabit springs around the world and they have long been considered poor dispersers. Recently, however, genetic analyses have shown contradictory results on the dispersal of planarians. Asexual planarians that can establish a new population by colonization of a single individual showed little genetic differentiation between sites separated by hundreds of kilometers, whereas species inhabiting springs showed deep differentiation between sites separated by hundreds of meters. The latter results are consistent with the habitat stability hypothesis. We used the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene from 468 individuals of Polycelis coronata, an asexual species, collected from 50 sites, nested in 26 tributaries, in 4 catchments of the Wasatch Mountains of Utah, USA, to explore the dispersal capabilities of P. coronata. The longest distance between sites was 66 km. Despite this small spatial extent, we found that 77% of the 130 haplotypes were collected from a single site and 89% from a single catchment. FST values between local populations in the same tributary (0.221, 0.266, 0.389) were similar to the average FST values in different catchments for other headwater taxa. Also, variation among individuals accounted for the majority of genetic structuring with little differentiation beyond the scale of a single site. Dispersal is very slow in this species which is consistent with the habitat stability hypothesis. However, we suggest that other explanations also warrant consideration. We also identified two potential cryptic species suggesting a high degree of hidden variation at the level of species in this genus.
1 aRader, Russell, B.1 aUnmack, Peter, J.1 aMoore, Jeffrey, N. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2016.125362402143nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001600198520174500214100002201959856005201981 2017 eng d00aSulphated glycosaminoglycans support an assortment of planarian rhabdite structures0 aSulphated glycosaminoglycans support an assortment of planarian c2017 Mar 163 aPlanaria are soft-bodied, bilateral flatworms of the phylum Playhelminthes. They are covered in cilia and use ciliary-gliding to traverse the substratum while hunting. Their body surface is covered in a layer of viscous slime primarily derived from specialised secretory granules known as rhabdites. The slime must somehow stay associated with the surface of the animal in aqueous environments whilst also lubricating the interface of the animal and the surfaces over which the animal moves. The slime prevents damage to the animal's soft body and also contributes to adhesion to the substratum. In order to gain insight into how it might achieve these diverse functions, we performed electron microscopic examination of the slime's structure. Analysis of two freshwater flatworms from the UK Schmidtea polychroa (Schmidt, 1861) and Polycelis tenuis (Ijima, 1884) revealed a high level of organisation of the slime layer and a variety of ejected slime structures. We show that these structures are rich in sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs). Most of these (269 of 285 examined) appear to be topologically-closed spheroids that we name ball-GAGs Another class appears to burst to release flower- and star-like clusters which adhere to motile cilia. We also observe fibrous nets that are associated with entrapped bacteria. Examination of the structure of rhabdites ejected onto a porous surface suggests a mechanism by which their structure allows them to both bind to the porous surface and provide a smooth layer over which the animal could glide. Such sGAG-based structures might provide models for the design of artificial biomimetic replacements for tears, saliva, bio-compatible lubricants or drug-delivery vehicles.
1 aHayes, Matthew, J uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/173001121nas a2200145 4500008004100000020002300041245015300064210006900217260002900286300001100315520055300326100001700879700002200896856005700918 2017 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aThree new species of Cratera Carbayo et al., 2013 from Araucaria forests with a key to species of the genus (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola)0 aThree new species of iCraterai Carbayo et al 2013 from Araucaria bPensoft Publishersc2017 a1 - 323 aAreas of Araucaria moist forest have been considered to constitute hotspots of land flatworm diversity, harbouring a high number of undescribed species. Herein we describe three new species of land flatworms of Cratera occurring in such type of forest in south Brazil. The three species are differentiated from their congeners mainly by their colour pattern, anatomy of the pharynx and prostatic vesicle, and details of the penis papilla and male atrium. An identification key to species of the genus in the Neotropical region is provided.
1 aRossi, Ilana1 aLeal-Zanchet, Ana uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5242264/02041nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260003300231300000700264490000600271520150600277100002401783700001901807856005701826 2016 eng d a2046-253000aBasal bodies across eukaryotes series: basal bodies in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea0 aBasal bodies across eukaryotes series basal bodies in the freshw aLondonbBioMed Centralc2016 a150 v53 aThe freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea has recently emerged as a valuable model system to study basal bodies (BBs) and cilia. Planarians are free-living flatworms that use cilia beating at the surface of their ventral epidermis for gliding along substrates. The ventral epidermis is composed of multiciliated cells (MCCs) that are similar to the MCCs in the respiratory airways, the brain ventricles, and the oviducts in vertebrates. In the planarian epidermis, each cell assembles approximately eighty cilia that beat in a coordinate fashion across the tissue. The BBs that nucleate these cilia all assemble de novo during terminal differentiation of MCCs. The genome of the planarian S. mediterranea has been sequenced and efficient methods for targeting gene expression by RNA interference are available. Defects induced by perturbing the expression of BB proteins can be detected simply by analyzing the locomotion of planarians. BBs are present in large numbers and in predictable orientation, which greatly facilitates analyses by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The great ease in targeting gene expression and analyzing associated defects allowed to identify a set of proteins required for BB assembly and function in planarian MCCs. Future technological developments, including methods for transgenic expression in planarians and in related species, will achieve turning free-living flatworms into powerful model systems to study MCCs and the associated human pathologies.1 aAzimzadeh, Juliette1 aBasquin, Cyril uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4799839/02026nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245011400055210006900169260001100238300000700249490000600256520151500262100002401777700001901801856004801820 2016 eng d a2046-253000aBasal bodies across eukaryotes series: basal bodies in the freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea0 aBasal bodies across eukaryotes series basal bodies in the freshw c2016// a150 v53 aThe freshwater planarian Schmidtea mediterranea has recently emerged as a valuable model system to study basal bodies (BBs) and cilia. Planarians are free-living flatworms that use cilia beating at the surface of their ventral epidermis for gliding along substrates. The ventral epidermis is composed of multiciliated cells (MCCs) that are similar to the MCCs in the respiratory airways, the brain ventricles, and the oviducts in vertebrates. In the planarian epidermis, each cell assembles approximately eighty cilia that beat in a coordinate fashion across the tissue. The BBs that nucleate these cilia all assemble de novo during terminal differentiation of MCCs. The genome of the planarian S. mediterranea has been sequenced and efficient methods for targeting gene expression by RNA interference are available. Defects induced by perturbing the expression of BB proteins can be detected simply by analyzing the locomotion of planarians. BBs are present in large numbers and in predictable orientation, which greatly facilitates analyses by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The great ease in targeting gene expression and analyzing associated defects allowed to identify a set of proteins required for BB assembly and function in planarian MCCs. Future technological developments, including methods for transgenic expression in planarians and in related species, will achieve turning free-living flatworms into powerful model systems to study MCCs and the associated human pathologies.
1 aAzimzadeh, Juliette1 aBasquin, Cyril uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13630-016-0037-102748nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245010500055210006900160300001400229520208000243653002302323653002002346653002002366653001502386653001702401100001602418700001602434700001902450700002102469856004002490 2016 eng d a2045-775800aChromosome numbers in three species groups of freshwater flatworms increase with increasing latitude0 aChromosome numbers in three species groups of freshwater flatwor an/a–n/a3 aPolyploidy in combination with parthenogenesis offers advantages for plasticity and the evolution of a broad ecological tolerance of species. Therefore, a positive correlation between the level of ploidy and increasing latitude as a surrogate for environmental harshness has been suggested. Such a positive correlation is well documented for plants, but examples for animals are still rare. Species of flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are widely distributed, show a remarkably wide range of chromosome numbers, and offer therefore good model systems to study the geographical distribution of chromosome numbers. We analyzed published data on counts of chromosome numbers and geographical information of three flatworm “species” (Phagocata vitta, Polycelis felina and Crenobia alpina) sampled across Europe (220 populations). We used the mean chromosome number across individuals of a population as a proxy for the level of ploidy within populations, and we tested for relationships of this variable with latitude, mode of reproduction (sexual, asexual or both) and environmental variables (annual mean temperature, mean diurnal temperature range, mean precipitation and net primary production). The mean chromosome numbers of all three species increased with latitude and decreased with mean annual temperature. For two species, chromosome number also decreased with mean precipitation and net primary production. Furthermore, high chromosome numbers within species were accompanied with a loss of sexual reproduction. The variation of chromosome numbers within individuals of two of the three species increased with latitude. Our results support the hypothesis that polyploid lineages are able to cope with harsh climatic conditions at high latitudes. Furthermore, we propose that asexual reproduction in populations with high levels of polyploidization stabilizes hybridization events. Chromosomal irregularities within individuals tend to become more frequent at the extreme environments of high latitudes, presumably because of mitotic errors and downsizing of the genome.10aGeographical range10aparthenogenesis10aPlatyhelminthes10apolyploidy10areproduction1 aLorch, Sven1 aZeuss, Dirk1 aBrandl, Roland1 aBrändle, Martin uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.196902974nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245015200055210006900207260001300276300001000289490000800299520213900307653001402446653002502460653000902485653001802494653001202512653002802524100001702552700001702569700001502586700001902601700001702620856007102637 2016 eng d a0147-651300aComparative sensitivity of aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate species to wastewater from an operational coal mine in central Queensland, Australia0 aComparative sensitivity of aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate s c2016/7// a1 - 90 v1293 aAbstractCoal excavation and refinement processes generate substantial volumes of contaminated effluent that may be detrimental to aquatic ecosystems. As such, understanding the impacts of coal mine water releases on aquatic animals and ecosystems is essential for effectively managing and protecting neighboring environments. Such information will ultimately be applied towards developing ongoing monitoring strategies that are protective of native wildlife. Despite intensive mining operations in Australia, few studies have documented toxicity associated with coal mine wastewater (CMW) on native species. To address existing knowledge gaps, we investigated acute toxicity (48–96 h) using eight native invertebrate species and sub-chronic effects (2 week) using three vertebrate species following exposure to wastewater from two dams (CMW1 and CMW2) located at an open-cut coal mine licensed to discharge into the Fitzroy catchment (Queensland, Australia). Wastewater from these sites is characterized by elevated conductivity, pH, sulfates as well as relatively high total and dissolved metal(loid)s (including As, Al, B, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se and Zn). Acute exposures revealed cladocerans (Daphnia carinata) and planarians (Dugesia sp.) to be the most sensitive species, exhibiting significant mortality after 48 and 96 h exposure to CMW2, respectively. Neither wastewater was found to elicit acute toxicity in vertebrates, but a range of sub-lethal morphological effects were observed following the sub-chronic exposures. The overall response pattern was characterized by decreased condition factor and hepatosomatic index in the fish Hypseleotris compressa and Pseudomugil signifier, and in Limnodynastes peronii tadpoles. Tadpoles were generally more sensitive compared to the two fish species. Differences in responses were observed amongst CMW1 and CMW2, which likely relates to differences in physico-chemical properties between sites. Our results have identified several candidate vertebrate and invertebrate species that show promise for ongoing monitoring of water quality and toxicity risk in Central Queensland, Australia. 10aAustralia10aCoal mine wastewater10aFish10aInvertebrates10aTadpole10aWhole effluent toxicity1 aLanctôt, C.1 aWilson, S.P.1 aFabbro, L.1 aLeusch, F.D.L.1 aMelvin, S.D. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014765131630063X02757nas a2200265 4500008004100000020001400041245017200055210006900227260005900296300001300355490000700368520186200375100001902237700001402256700001602270700001302286700001902299700001802318700001702336700002002353700001602373700001802389700002702407856005702434 2016 eng d a1932-620300aDe Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Related Genes and the RIG-I-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway in the Freshwater Planarian (Dugesia japonica)0 aDe Novo Transcriptome Analysis Provides Insights into Immune Rel aSan Francisco, CA USAbPublic Library of Sciencec2016 ae01515970 v113 aBACKGROUND: The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica (D. japonica) possesses extraordinary ability to regenerate lost organs or body parts. Interestingly, in the process of regeneration, there is little wound infection, suggesting that D. japonica has a formidable innate immune system. The importance of immune system prompted us to search for immune-related genes and RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathways. RESULTS: Transcriptome sequencing of D. japonica was performed on an IlluminaHiSeq2000 platform. A total of 27,180 transcripts were obtained by Trinity assembler. CEGMA analysis and mapping of all trimmed reads back to the assembly result showed that our transcriptome assembly covered most of the whole transcriptome. 23,888 out of 27,180 transcripts contained ORF (open reading fragment), and were highly similar to those in Schistosoma mansoni using BLASTX analysis. 8,079 transcripts (29.7%) and 8,668 (31.9%) were annotated by Blast2GO and KEGG respectively. A DYNLRB-like gene was cloned to verify its roles in the immune response. Finally, the expression patterns of 4 genes (RIG-I, TRAF3, TRAF6, P38) in the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were detected, and the results showed they are very likely to be involved in planarian immune response. CONCLUSION: RNA-Seq analysis based on the next-generation sequencing technology was an efficient approach to discover critical genes and to understand their corresponding biological functions. Through GO and KEGG analysis, several critical and conserved signaling pathways and genes related to RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway were identified. Four candidate genes were selected to identify their expression dynamics in the process of pathogen stimulation. These annotated transcripts of D. japonica provide a useful resource for subsequent investigation of other important pathways.1 aPang, Qiuxiang1 aGao, Lili1 aHu, Wenjing1 aAn, Yang1 aDeng, Hongkuan1 aZhang, Yichao1 aSun, Xiaowen1 aZhu, Guangzhong1 aLiu, Baohua1 aZhao, Bosheng1 aRobinson-Rechavi, Marc uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795655/02430nas a2200337 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171300001400240490000700254520144200261653002401703653001401727653003901741653002301780653001801803100001601821700001801837700001201855700002001867700001901887700002401906700001601930700001301946700001801959700002001977700001801997700001902015700001802034856004002052 2016 eng d a1521-186X00aEarly exposure of rotating magnetic fields promotes central nervous regeneration in planarian Girardia sinensis0 aEarly exposure of rotating magnetic fields promotes central nerv a244–2550 v373 aMagnetic field exposure is an accepted safe and effective modality for nerve injury. However, it is clinically used only as a supplement or salvage therapy at the later stage of treatment. Here, we used a planarian Girardia sinensis decapitated model to investigate beneficial effects of early rotary non-uniform magnetic fields (RMFs) exposure on central nervous regeneration. Our results clearly indicated that magnetic stimulation induced from early RMFs exposure significantly promoted neural regeneration of planarians. This stimulating effect is frequency and intensity dependent. Optimum effects were obtained when decapitated planarians were cultured at 20 °C, starved for 3 days before head-cutting, and treated with 6 Hz 0.02 T RMFs. At early regeneration stage, RMFs exposure eliminated edema around the wound and facilitated subsequent formation of blastema. It also accelerated cell proliferation and recovery of neuron functionality. Early RMFs exposure up-regulated expression of neural regeneration related proteins, EGR4 and Netrin 2, and mature nerve cell marker proteins, NSE and NPY. These results suggest that RMFs therapy produced early and significant benefit in central nervous regeneration, and should be clinically used at the early stage of neural regeneration, with appropriate optimal frequency and intensity. Bioelectromagnetics. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:244–255, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.10aneural regeneration10aplanarian10arotary non-uniform magnetic fields10astimulating effect10awindow effect1 aChen, Qiang1 aLin, Gui-miao1 aWu, Nan1 aTang, Sheng-wei1 aZheng, Zhi-jia1 aLin, Marie, Chia-mi1 aXu, Gai-xia1 aLiu, Hao1 aDeng, Yue-yue1 aZhang, Xiao-yun1 aChen, Si-ping1 aWang, Xiao-mei1 aben Niu, Han- uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2197101473nas a2200157 4500008004100000020002300041245016500064210006900229260003500298300000900333490000800342520087700350100002201227700002101249856004501270 2016 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aFirst report of the genus Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Argentina, with description of a new species and comments on the species of the genus0 aFirst report of the genus iCraterai Platyhelminthes Geoplanidae bPensoft Publishersc11/08/2016 a1-120 v6103 aA new species of land planarians of the genus Cratera is described. Cratera viridimaculata sp. n. was recorded in the Atlantic Forest Ecoregion, in north-eastern Argentina, and represents the first report of the genus Cratera outside Brazil. The new species is about 50 mm in length and externally characterized by a color pattern consisting of a light green olive pigmentation on the dorsum, stippled with dark gray fine spots, and dorsal eyes. Other features regarding the internal anatomy are the presence of a glandular margin, Cutaneous Muscular Index (CMI) of 10–13%, pharynx cylindrical, prostatic vesicle extrabulbar, tubular and C-shaped, with a proximal bifurcated portion, penis papilla protrusible with ejaculatory duct widened in its distal portion, and female atrium funnel-shaped. The new species is compared and discussed with its congeners.
1 aNegrete, Lisandro1 aBursa, Francisco uhttps://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.610.946508563nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245016000055210006900215260001600284300001100300490000900311520760700320653001207927653002507939653001407964653001107978653001407989653001508003100002008018700002208038700001808060700001808078700001908096700002108115700002208136700002008158700001908178856005208197 2016 eng d a1175-533400aFirst report of the land planarian Diversibipalium multilineatum (Makino & Shirasawa, 1983) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in Europe.0 aFirst report of the land planarian iDiversibipalium multilineatu c2016 Jan 26 a577-800 v40673 aIntroduction of alien species may significantly affect soil ecosystems, through predation or disruption of components of native ecosystems (Winsor et al. 2004; Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014; Justine et al. 2014). Land planarians have been reported as alien species in soils throughout the world and, among those, some species are considered to be successful invaders, e.g. Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963, Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Dendy, 1894), Bipalium adventitium Hyman, 1943, Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 and Dolichoplana striata Moseley, 1877 (Winsor et al. 2004; Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014; Justine et al. 2014, 2015). Soil moisture status seems to be an important element for their successful invasion (Fraser & Boag 1998). In Europe at least 18 species of alien land planarians have been recorded since now and some of them are considered as invasive ones, e.g. P. manokwari (cf. Justine et al. 2014). Although the alien land planarian B. kewense has been reported to occur in many greenhouses in Italy (Bello et al. 1995), no data are available on its establishment and/or impact on natural environments. On 28th September 2014, 20 specimens (~1 individual/m2) of the land planarian Diversibipalium multilineatum (Makino & Shirasawa, 1983) (Fig. 1), native to Japan, were collected under pots, branches and plastic materials in a private garden located in the center of Bologna (Emilia Romagna, Central Italy), near the urban park Giardini Margherita (44°29' N, 11°21' E; WGS84). Thirty plant species (both indigenous and alien), mainly cultivated as bonsai (e.g. Lagerstroemia indica L., Juniperus procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Miquel), were present in this shady, wet garden (25 m2). Between March 2014 and June 2015, 70 more specimens of D. multilineatum were collected at the same site, mainly at dusk and dawn after rain. Reproduction by fission and regeneration processes were observed in several of those specimens, which were kept for some time in captivity. A specimen of D. multilineatum was also collected in a garden in Léguevin (Haute-Garonne, France), which will be described in a forthcoming paper by Justine et al. (in prep.) (see also Kawakatsu et al. 2014). Specimens without a genital pore were initially ascribed to D. multilineatum on the basis of their external appearance: the dorsal surface was brownish yellow and presented five longitudinal stripes at the head plate and the neck, showing the typical appearance of the species. The middorsal stripe was widened at its anterior end, on the head plate, and at the pharynx level. The ventral pattern of the animals at the pharyngeal region was also characteristic, with the middorsal stripe widened at this level. The Italian Diversibipalium specimens used for the molecular analysis were fixed and preserved in absolute ethanol. Fragments of the mitochondrial gene COI and 28S ribosomal RNA nuclear gene (GenBank Acc. Numbers KU245358 and KU245357, respectively) were obtained using the procedure and COI primers described in Álvarez-Presas et al. (2008) and Solà et al. (2013). The French specimen's COI (Specimen MNHN JL177, GenBank Acc. Number KT922162) was obtained as described in Justine et al. (2015). 28S sequences of 14 Bipaliinae specimens and four Microplana species (outgroup) retrieved from GenBank were included in the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2). Sequence alignment was obtained by using the online software MAFFT version 7 (Katoh & Standley 2013), while ambiguously aligned positions were removed using the program Gblocks (Talavera & Castresana 2007) with default settings, excepting the minimum number of sequences for a flank position at the minimum value (set at 10) and with half of the allowed gap positions. The final alignment had a length of 1589 bp. We used two phylogenetic inference approaches: maximum likelihood (ML), using the RaxML 8.2.3 software (Stamatakis 2014), and Bayesian inferences (BI), using MrBayes 3.2.4 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The evolutionary model used, GTR+I+G, was estimated to be the best with the software jModeltest 2.1.7 (Darriba et al. 2012; Guindon & Gascuel 2003), using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). MrBayes analyses were performed for 10-milion generation with sampling parameters every 103 and a 25% default burn-in value for the final trees. Convergence of the two runs (average standard deviation of split frequencies << 0.01) and likelihood stationarity were checked. The maximum likelihood analyses were performed under 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates. The phylogenetic results show a close and highly supported relationship of the Italian Diversibipalium specimens with those from Japan and South Korea that have been identified as D. multilineatum (Fig. 2). Diversibipalium multilineatum is the sister-group of B. nobile Kawakatsu & Makino, 1982, but with low support. The COI sequences of the French (MNHN JL177) and the Italian Diversibipalium specimens were compared in Geneious v. 8.0.5 (http://www.geneious.com, Kearse et al. 2012) and were found to be identical. These results indicate that the species introduced in both countries is the same, and most probably concerns the species D. multilineatum. The pathways of introduction of D. multilineatum are currently unknown, although a relationship between the horticultural trade and the introduction of alien land planarians is well known (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014 and references therein). Here we report the first occurrence of individuals of D. multilineatum outside Asia. The GenBank sequence of D. multilineatum from South Korea is not yet supported by a published description of the specimen, while it is debatable whether South Korea should be considered part of the natural range of D. multilineatum, which only seems to include Japan. In the present paper, we consider the South Korean animal to be an introduced specimen. Soil moisture status, temperature, and food availability are considered to be the main factors determining the presence of terrestrial planarians (Boag et al. 1998); the microclimatic conditions of the Italian garden were similar to plant nurseries and greenhouses, while an abundance of food was available, such as isopods [Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833)], oligochaetes [Dendrobaena attemsi (Michaelsen, 1902) and several juveniles of Lumbricus spp.] and gastropods [Cernuella cisalpina (Rossmassler, 1837), Cornu aspersum (O.F. Müller 1774), Deroceras reticulatum (O.F. Müller, 1774), Discus rotundatus (O.F. Müller, 1774), Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758), Milax nigricans (Philippi, 1836), Papillifera papillaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Pomatias elegans (O.F. Müller, 1774)]. Moreover, winter 2014 reached the highest temperatures and rainfall of the last two decades (source: CNR-ISAC, Bologna), thus favouring establishment and spread of D. multilineatum. The potential environmental impacts of some invasive flatworms are well documented (Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014; Justine et al. 2014) and, even if these effects have not yet been assessed for D. multilineatum, the adoption of precautionary measures and of early intervention is here strongly recommended (Genovesi & Shine 2004). Finally, knowledge of the introduction pathway(s), together with the analysis of prey preference and possible impact on the invertebrate fauna, will be essential to halt or at least to limit the spread of this introduced land flatworm.
10aAnimals10aBiological Evolution10aBody Size10aEurope10aphylogeny10aplanarians1 aMazza, Giuseppe1 aMenchetti, Mattia1 aSluys, Ronald1 aSolà, Eduard1 aRiutort, Marta1 aTricarico, Elena1 aJustine, Jean-Lou1 aCavigioli, Luca1 aMori, Emiliano uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/169802123nas a2200181 4500008004100000020002300041245020200064210006900266260006300335300001300398490000700411520137800418100003101796700002001827700001901847700001801866856005701884 2016 eng d a1553-73901553-740400aGermline Defects Caused by Smed-boule RNA-Interference Reveal That Egg Capsule Deposition Occurs Independently of Fertilization, Ovulation, Mating, or the Presence of Gametes in Planarian Flatworms0 aGermline Defects Caused by Smedboule RNAInterference Reveal That aSan Francisco, CA USAbPublic Library of Sciencec2016/05/ ae10060300 v123 aFew animals are known to lay eggs in the absence of ovulation or copulation, as it is presumably energetically wasteful and subjected to negative selection. Characterization of Smed-boule, a member of the DAZ family of germline RNA-binding proteins, revealed that egg capsule (or capsule) production and deposition occurs independently of the presence of gametes in the planarian flatworm Schmidtea mediterranea. Reduction of Smed-boule expression by RNA-interference (RNAi) causes ablation of spermatogonial stem cells and the inability of ovarian germline stem cells to undergo oogenesis. Although animals subjected to Smed-boule RNAi lose their gametes and become sterile, they continue to lay egg capsules. Production of sterile capsules is even observed in virgin Smed-boule(RNAi) and control planarians maintained in complete isolation, demonstrating that egg production in S. mediterranea occurs independently of ovulation, fertilization, or mating. Evidence suggests that this is a conserved feature amongst Platyhelminthes, and therefore relevant to the pathology and dissemination of parasitic flatworms. These findings demonstrate that Smed-boule functions at different stages during male and female germline stem cell development, and also demonstrate that egg capsule production by planarian flatworms occurs independently of signals produced by mating or ova.1 aSteiner, Jessica, Kathryne1 aTasaki, Junichi1 aRouhana, Labib1 aHawley, Scott uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4858218/01173nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245007900055210006900134260001100203300001100214490000600225520053400231100001900765700002400784700001600808700001900824700002200843700002000865700002200885856004800907 2016 eng d a2041-913900aHOX gene complement and expression in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea0 aHOX gene complement and expression in the planarian Schmidtea me c2016// a1 - 110 v73 aFreshwater planarians are well known for their regenerative abilities. Less well known is how planarians maintain spatial patterning in long-lived adult animals or how they re-pattern tissues during regeneration. HOX genes are good candidates to regulate planarian spatial patterning, yet the full complement or genomic clustering of planarian HOX genes has not yet been described, primarily because only a few have been detectable by in situ hybridization, and none have given morphological phenotypes when knocked down by RNAi.1 aCurrie, Ko, W.1 aBrown, David, D. R.1 aZhu, Shujun1 aXu, ChangJiang1 aVoisin, Veronique1 aBader, Gary, D.1 aPearson, Bret, J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13227-016-0044-801097nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245013300055210006900188260001100257300001000268490000600278520055300284100002200837700003200859856004800891 2016 eng d a2047-217X00aMicro-computed tomography scan and virtual histological slide data for the land planarian Obama otavioi (Platyhelminthes)0 aMicrocomputed tomography scan and virtual histological slide dat c2016// a1 - 70 v53 aWe investigated whether images obtained through X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) can be used in conjunction with traditional methods for morphological studies of soft-bodied land planarians. μCT is non-invasive and provides true-to-scale three-dimensional imagery at high resolution. We compared μCT-based images of a recently described land planarian species of Obama otavioi (Platyhelminthes) with those obtained from light microphotography of histological sections, most of which were also digitized at high magnification.
1 aCarbayo, Fernando1 aLenihan, Jennifer, Winifred uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13742-016-0119-402678nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245011800055210006900173260003300242300001600275490000700291520213200298100002002430700001802450856005202468 2016 eng d a0022-293300aA new terrestrial planarian species of the genus Marionfyfea (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) found in Europe0 anew terrestrial planarian species of the genus iMarionfyfeai Pla bTaylor & Francisc2016/11/09 a2673 - 26900 v503 aSmall (c. 1 cm long) terrestrial planarians found in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and France are described as a new species, Marionfyfea adventor sp. nov. Individuals of the new species have a patchy brown external appearance with small, seemingly random pale blue-ish patches. They have multiple eyes, uniserial around the anterior end, biserial or triserial laterally for a short distance then sparsely uniserial and lateral to the posterior end. The anatomy is characterized by five or six pairs of ventral testes and a single pair of ovaries adjacent to the pharyngeal pouch. The base of each ovary is surrounded by parovarian cells. The penis is of the inverted type with a basal hemispherical seminal vesicle. Two adenodactyls, one ventral, one dorsal, are present in the common antrum. The only other known species of Marionfyfea is recorded only from the Auckland Islands, New Zealand and we assume that the new species has been introduced to Europe.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7AC3D565-0BEB-4B67-8BEC-11A13A70D663ABSTRACTSmall (c. 1 cm long) terrestrial planarians found in the United Kingdom, the Netherlands and France are described as a new species, Marionfyfea adventor sp. nov. Individuals of the new species have a patchy brown external appearance with small, seemingly random pale blue-ish patches. They have multiple eyes, uniserial around the anterior end, biserial or triserial laterally for a short distance then sparsely uniserial and lateral to the posterior end. The anatomy is characterized by five or six pairs of ventral testes and a single pair of ovaries adjacent to the pharyngeal pouch. The base of each ovary is surrounded by parovarian cells. The penis is of the inverted type with a basal hemispherical seminal vesicle. Two adenodactyls, one ventral, one dorsal, are present in the common antrum. The only other known species of Marionfyfea is recorded only from the Auckland Islands, New Zealand and we assume that the new species has been introduced to Europe.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7AC3D565-0BEB-4B67-8BEC-11A13A70D663
1 aJones, Hugh, D.1 aSluys, Ronald uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.120890701970nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170300001400239490000700253520144600260100002201706700002301728700002101751856004001772 2016 eng d a1463-640900aNon-destructive imaging to describe a new species of Obama land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)0 aNondestructive imaging to describe a new species of iObamai land a566–5780 v453 aThe land planarians in the genus Obama include the largest species of the Neotropical Geoplaninae. Morphological discrimination of Obama species can be difficult, as many species are morphologically similar and some present asymmetric – difficult to interpret – copulatory organs. New techniques are thus welcomed to provide faster species description and identification. Here, we study several specimens of Obama by means of mainly 2D and 3D μCT-based images obtained through X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) of a paratype, and, complementarily, histological sections of the holotype and a second paratype, which were digitized into virtual slides. Comparison of these images with traditional histological sections and descriptions of the known species of the genus allows us to conclude that our specimens constitute a new species, which we describe here. We further evaluate the phylogenetic placement of the new species using gene fragments from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear elongation factor-1α. Raw and derivative μCT data and virtual histological sections were deposited in an open repository (GigaDB) and are freely available. This work leads us to conclude that μCT constitutes a relatively fast, inexpensive non-destructive method that produces results comparable to those of traditional histology, and is thus amenable for describing flatworm species.
1 aCarbayo, Fernando1 aFrancoy, Tiago, M.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.1217502142nas a2200205 4500008004100000020002300041245007500064210006900139260004000208300001600248490000700264520149300271100001901764700001801783700002401801700001901825700001501844700002001859856005701879 2016 eng d a0305-10481362-496200aPlanMine – a mineable resource of planarian biology and biodiversity0 aPlanMine a mineable resource of planarian biology and biodiversi bOxford University Pressc2016/01/04 aD764 - D7730 v443 aPlanarian flatworms are in the midst of a renaissance as a model system for regeneration and stem cells. Besides two well-studied model species, hundreds of species exist worldwide that present a fascinating diversity of regenerative abilities, tissue turnover rates, reproductive strategies and other life history traits. PlanMine (http://planmine.mpi-cbg.de/) aims to accomplish two primary missions: First, to provide an easily accessible platform for sharing, comparing and value-added mining of planarian sequence data. Second, to catalyze the comparative analysis of the phenotypic diversity amongst planarian species. Currently, PlanMine houses transcriptomes independently assembled by our lab and community contributors. Detailed assembly/annotation statistics, a custom-developed BLAST viewer and easy export options enable comparisons at the contig and assembly level. Consistent annotation of all transcriptomes by an automated pipeline, the integration of published gene expression information and inter-relational query tools provide opportunities for mining planarian gene sequences and functions. For inter-species comparisons, we include transcriptomes of, so far, six planarian species, along with images, expert-curated information on their biology and pre-calculated cross-species sequence homologies. PlanMine is based on the popular InterMine system in order to make the rich biology of planarians accessible to the general life sciences research community.
1 aBrandl, Holger1 aMoon, HongKee1 aVila-Farré, Miquel1 aLiu, Shang-Yun1 aHenry, Ian1 aRink, Jochen, C uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4702831/02170nas a2200193 4500008004100000020001400041245011600055210006900171300000800240520150100248653001601749653002001765653002101785653002601806653002001832100002401852700002901876856007101905 2016 eng d a0944-200600aPreference for different prey allows the coexistence of several land planarians in areas of the Atlantic Forest0 aPreference for different prey allows the coexistence of several a - 3 aAbstractLand planarians are recognized as important predators, yet studies on their feeding habits are usually restricted to invasive species. Thus, it is difficult to determine the real ecological role of this group in ecosystems and how their communities are structured. In the present study, we analyzed the diet of six co-occurring Neotropical land planarians and their success in capturing prey, based on experiments in the laboratory, in order to determine how they share resources in the same environment. We also calculated indices of food niche breadth and food niche overlap for land planarians for the first time. The diet of Luteostriata abundans comprises only woodlice and the diets of Obama ficki and Obama ladislavii are composed only of gastropods, while Paraba multicolor and Obama anthropophila feed on both gastropods and other land planarians. An invasive species recently found in Western Europe, Obama nungara, showed the highest food niche breadth, feeding on gastropods, earthworms and planarians. We found the highest niche overlap between O. anthropophila and P. multicolor. The results suggest that land planarians are frequent predators of woodlice and land gastropods in the Neotropical ecozone and thus are important for the maintenance of native ecosystems and for the control of invasive species. The coexistence of several species in the same habitat is possible due to the use of different species as main prey, which reduces interspecific competition.
10aGeoplanidae10aLevins’ index10aPianka’s index10aPlanarian food niches10aPlatyhelminthes1 aBoll, Piter, Kehoma1 aLeal-Zanchet, Ana, Maria uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S094420061630021605174nas a2200181 4500008004100000020001400041245020300055210006900258260003300327300001100360490000700371520447800378100001804856700002004874700001904894700002704913856005204940 2016 eng d a1477-200000aTowards a comprehensive, integrative analysis of the diversity of European microplaninid land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Microplaninae), with the description of two peculiar new species0 aTowards a comprehensive integrative analysis of the diversity of bTaylor & Francisc2016/01/02 a9 - 310 v143 aThe present study forms a first and major step towards a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of the species diversity of European microplaninid land planarians by presenting a molecular phylogenetic tree on the basis of alignments of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene from 158 specimens as well as a concatenated phylogeny (Cox1 and 18S genes) on the basis of 41 sequences for nine Microplana species included in this study. Genetic distances between and within known and new species were calculated. Combined morphological and molecular results facilitated an integrative delimitation of new species as well as the diagnosis of new populations of already known species. An integrative account is provided of two new and aberrant species from the Iberian Peninsula and southern France. Through the molecular approach a Confirmed Candidate Species was detected among the newly sampled populations. Further we document samples from new localities for five already known species as well as new sites for the Confirmed Candidate Species. The new data considerably expand the European range of several already known species included in the present study. The results of an in-depth study of the taxonomic literature, as well as original material, are documented since this was required for appropriate identification of the new materials. This part of the study resulted in a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of several nominal species and in the following taxonomic conclusions: Rhynchodemus pyrenaicus is a species of Microplana and not Rhynchodemus; Rhynchodemus attemsi, R. peneckei, and R. henrici should be transferred to the genus Microplana; Microplana attemsi and M. peneckei are not junior synonyms of M. henrici; Microplana styriaca is not a synonym of M. terrestris; Rhynchodemus howesi is not a junior synonym of M. pyrenaica and belongs to the genus Rhynchodemus and not to Microplana; Microplana richardi is not a synonym of M. terrestris. The current diagnosis of the genus Microplana should be amended such that it refers to the situation that the species generally have two small eyes but occasionally may have multiple eyes.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22B437AA-9D41-4DA0-AE3C-BD8F636CB96DThe present study forms a first and major step towards a comprehensive morphological and molecular analysis of the species diversity of European microplaninid land planarians by presenting a molecular phylogenetic tree on the basis of alignments of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene from 158 specimens as well as a concatenated phylogeny (Cox1 and 18S genes) on the basis of 41 sequences for nine Microplana species included in this study. Genetic distances between and within known and new species were calculated. Combined morphological and molecular results facilitated an integrative delimitation of new species as well as the diagnosis of new populations of already known species. An integrative account is provided of two new and aberrant species from the Iberian Peninsula and southern France. Through the molecular approach a Confirmed Candidate Species was detected among the newly sampled populations. Further we document samples from new localities for five already known species as well as new sites for the Confirmed Candidate Species. The new data considerably expand the European range of several already known species included in the present study. The results of an in-depth study of the taxonomic literature, as well as original material, are documented since this was required for appropriate identification of the new materials. This part of the study resulted in a re-evaluation of the taxonomic status of several nominal species and in the following taxonomic conclusions: Rhynchodemus pyrenaicus is a species of Microplana and not Rhynchodemus; Rhynchodemus attemsi, R. peneckei, and R. henrici should be transferred to the genus Microplana; Microplana attemsi and M. peneckei are not junior synonyms of M. henrici; Microplana styriaca is not a synonym of M. terrestris; Rhynchodemus howesi is not a junior synonym of M. pyrenaica and belongs to the genus Rhynchodemus and not to Microplana; Microplana richardi is not a synonym of M. terrestris. The current diagnosis of the genus Microplana should be amended such that it refers to the situation that the species generally have two small eyes but occasionally may have multiple eyes.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:22B437AA-9D41-4DA0-AE3C-BD8F636CB96D
1 aSluys, Ronald1 aMateos, Eduardo1 aRiutort, Marta1 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2015.110332301817nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245010200055210006900157300001100226490000800237520104400245653000801289653001901297653001501316653001301331653000901344653001401353653001501367653001401382653001501396100002201411700002701433700002001460700001901480856004001499 2016 eng d a1096-364200aThe true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe0 atrue identity of iObamai Platyhelminthes Geoplanidae flatworm sp a5–280 v1773 aSince 2008 there have been many records in Europe (British Isles, Spain, France, Italy) of a large terrestrial planarian morphologically very similar to the Brazilian species Obama marmorata. Sequences of mitochondrial (Cox1) and nuclear (18S, 28S, ITS-1 and EF) genes from European specimens and some from Brazil indicate that they belong to a species different from that of other specimens also collected in Brazil. Moreover, the phylogenetic results show that they are not sister-species. Histological sections of both Brazilian and European specimens reveal subtle morphological differences between the two species. Obama marmorata is confined to Brazil, and the second, herein described new species, Obama nungara sp. nov., is found in Brazil and Europe. These cryptic species may be syntopic in areas in Brazil. The new species occurs in human-modified environments both in Brazil and in Europe. We also conclude that the specimens from Spain and Argentina identified previously as Obama marmorata belong to the new species.
10aBPP10aContinenticola10aCox I gene10aGeoplana10aGMYC10ahistology10amorphology10aphylogeny10aplanarians1 aCarbayo, Fernando1 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta1 aJones, Hugh, D.1 aRiutort, Marta uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.1235801692nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171300001400240490000900254520088600263653002301149653001301172653001301185653003001198653002001228653002301248653001501271100001801286700002301304700002801327700002201355856006101377 2016 eng d a1175-533400aTwo new species of freshwater flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Continenticola) from South American caves0 aTwo new species of freshwater flatworms Platyhelminthes Tricladi a107–1210 v40923 aThe diversity of freshwater triclads in the Neotropical region is considered to be low, but extensive areas of South America remain almost unexplored. Herein we describe two cave-dwelling, new species of Girardia, one from a transition zone of the Cerrado and Caatinga phytophysiognomies and the other from the Cerrado phytophysiognomy. The species from the Cerrado-Caatinga transition is a troglobite, eyeless and whitish; the species from the Cerrado area is possibly a troglophile, since it shows heavily pigmented body and eyes. Each species is easily recognized by a unique combination of features in its external morphology and copulatory apparatus. The two new species of Girardia show a restricted distribution, even the troglophile, and occur in caves without legal protection. Therefore, they must be considered as vulnerable organisms in a conservation context.
10aBrazilian savannah10aCaatinga10aGirardia10anew cave-dwelling species10aPlatyhelminthes10asubterranean fauna10aTricladida1 aSOUZA, STELLA1 aMORAIS, ANA, LAURA1 aBICHUETTE, MARIA, ELINA1 aLael-Zanchet, Ana uhttp://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4092.1.602545nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245013900055210006900194260001300263300001100276490000700287520173200294653001202026653001202038653002102050653001602071653001902087653001502106653001502121653001902136653003102155100001902186700002202205856005202227 2015 eng d a1432-070300aAmmonia toxicity to the freshwater planarian Polycelis felina: contrasting effects of continuous versus discontinuous exposures0 aAmmonia toxicity to the freshwater planarian iPolycelis felinai c2015 May a689-950 v683 aAquatic animals can be exposed to fluctuating concentrations of toxicants. In fact, for some toxicants (i.e., pesticides, ammonia), discontinuous exposure is more environmentally relevant than constant exposure. Responses of aquatic animals to each type of exposure may be different. However, despite the high ecological relevance of behaviour, there is still scarce information on the effects of discontinuous exposure on behaviour. Our study focused on the assessment of unionized ammonia toxicity on the behaviour of a freshwater planarian under continuous exposure (3 days of exposure and 18 days of recovery) versus discontinuous exposure (3 pulses of 1 day with 6 days of recovery between pulses = total 3 days of exposure and 18 days of recovery). Behaviour was assessed as locomotion activity. Bioassays with continuous and discontinuous exposure were performed with one control and five unionized ammonia concentrations (0.14-0.35 mg N-NH3/L). Unionized ammonia in continuous exposure caused less impact on behaviour than equivalent concentrations provided in a discontinuous exposure. By contrast, continuous exposures caused more impact on survival. The discontinuous exposure may allow detoxification during recovery periods, thus increasing the probability of survival in the next pulse. Under continuous exposure, the mortality threshold could be exceeded, and animals could die in greater proportion during exposure as well as the recovery period. We conclude that behavioural activity was a sensitive endpoint to assess the contrasting effects of continuous versus discontinuous exposure and that the response of planarians to discontinuous exposure is different to its response to continuous exposure.
10aAmmonia10aAnimals10aBiological Assay10aFresh Water10aLethal Dose 5010aLocomotion10aplanarians10aToxicity Tests10aWater Pollutants, Chemical1 aAlonso, Alvaro1 aCamargo, Julio, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172401885nas a2200217 4500008004100000022001400041245017300055210006900228260001600297300001000313490000900323520117000332653001201502653001101514653002001525653000901545653001501554100002201569700002401591856005201615 2015 eng d a1175-533400aAnatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida).0 aAnatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio c2015 Mar 11 a27-400 v39313 aTwo new land planarian species, collected in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described. Their external aspect is similar to that of Imbira marcusi Carbayo et al., 2013 and Pseudogeoplana theresopolitana (Schirch, 1929), respectively. The analysis of the internal organs, however, revealed they belong to the genus Cratera. The male copulatory organs of one species is very different from any other geoplaninid, for the penis papilla holds a large, distal cavity receiving the ejaculatory duct and, furthermore, the papilla projects vertically downwards from the roof of the male atrium. Thus we consider it as a new species, Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. The second species differs from its congeners in that the dorsal insertion of the penis papilla is anterior to the ventral one, and in that the female atrium is narrowed in the anterior portion. The species was found in the type locality of Pseudogeoplana theresopolitana (Schirch, 1929) and compares well with it in the external features. However, since its internal organs are unknown and the type material of the species is seemingly lost, we describe it as Cratera anamariae Carbayo, sp. nov.
10aAnimals10aBrazil10aGenitalia, Male10aMale10aplanarians1 aCarbayo, Fernando1 aAlmeida, Ana, Laura uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/170800692nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001100242490000700253100001500260700001300275700001700288700001500305700002100320700001500341700001500356700001400371700001800385700002000403856005100423 2015 eng d00aBeta-catenin-dependent control of positional information along the AP body axis in planarians involves a teashirt family member0 aBetacatenindependent control of positional information along the c2015//0 v101 aReuter, H.1 aMarz, M.1 aVogg, M., C.1 aEccles, D.1 aGrifol-Boldu, L.1 aWehner, D.1 aOwlarn, S.1 aAdell, T.1 aWeidinger, G.1 aBartscherer, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2014.12.01802497nas a2200229 4500008004100000020001400041245010200055210006900157260001500226300001600241490000700257520177600264100002202040700002202062700002502084700002202109700001902131700002002150700002702170700002602197856004402223 2015 eng d a1552-578300aControl of Maintenance and Regeneration of Planarian Eyes by ovoPlanarian Eye Regeneration by ovo0 aControl of Maintenance and Regeneration of Planarian Eyes by ovo c2015/11/30 a7604 - 76100 v563 aAbstract Purpose: Following decapitation, the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea regenerates its head and eyes. The gene ovo is required for eye maintenance and regeneration in response to wounding. In this study, we investigated whether eye regeneration in S. mediterranea could occur absent a wound healing response. Methods: One hundred twenty S. mediterranea were treated with ovo RNA interference (RNAi) or control (unc-22) RNAi by feeding double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Following eye loss, ovo RNAi treatment was halted and replaced with control RNAi treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to monitor ovo expression. Eye functionality was monitored via a phototaxis assay. Photoreceptor neurons were visualized via immunofluorescence staining of arrestin. Results: Treatment with ovo RNAi caused eyes to gradually shrink until they were completely absent. One hundred percent of ovo RNAi-treated planarians lost both eyes within 137 days of treatment onset. ovo RNAi-treated planarians were unable to regenerate eyes in response to decapitation. Upon removal of ovo RNAi, eyes became visible as small pigmented spots in the head within 28 days. The eyes slowly developed, appearing to gain pigmented cells first and then nonpigmented photoreceptors. Phototaxis assays demonstrated functional eye loss and eye restoration. ovo mRNA was significantly decreased following treatment with ovo RNAi and significantly increased following removal of ovo RNAi. Arrestin staining was present in the eyes, optic nerves, and optic chiasm of worms with regenerated eyes but not in eyeless worms. Conclusions: S. mediterranea have the ability to generate functional eyes in the absence of a wound healing response. This ability requires the expression of ovo.
1 aCross, Samuel, D.1 aJohnson, Adiv, A.1 aGilles, Benjamin, J.1 aBachman, Lori, A.1 aInoue, Takeshi1 aAgata, Kiyokazu1 aMarmorstein, Lihua, Y.1 aMarmorstein, Alan, D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.15-1745800542nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245015100055210006900206260001300275300000800288490000700296100001900303700002200322856005200344 2015 eng d a1432-070300aErratum to: Ammonia toxicity to the freshwater planarian Polycelis felina: contrasting effects of continuous versus discontinuous exposures0 aErratum to Ammonia toxicity to the freshwater planarian iPolycel c2015 Nov a5960 v691 aAlonso, Alvaro1 aCamargo, Julio, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172502292nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245008200055210006900137260005900206300001300265490000700278520157600285100001801861700002701879700002801906700002701934700001701961700001901978700002001997856005702017 2015 eng d a1932-620300aEvolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and Free-Living Flatworms0 aEvolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and FreeLivi aSan Francisco, CA USAbPublic Library of Sciencec2015 ae01200810 v103 aMitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are useful and relatively accessible sources of molecular data to explore and understand the evolutionary history and relationships of eukaryotic organisms across diverse taxonomic levels. The availability of complete mitogenomes from Platyhelminthes is limited; of the 40 or so published most are from parasitic flatworms (Neodermata). Here, we present the mitogenomes of two free-living flatworms (Tricladida): the complete genome of the freshwater species Crenobia alpina (Planariidae) and a nearly complete genome of the land planarian Obama sp. (Geoplanidae). Moreover, we have reanotated the published mitogenome of the species Dugesia japonica (Dugesiidae). This contribution almost doubles the total number of mtDNAs published for Tricladida, a species-rich group including model organisms and economically important invasive species. We took the opportunity to conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses between available free-living and selected parasitic flatworms in order to gain insights into the putative effect of life cycle on nucleotide composition through mutation and natural selection. Unexpectedly, we did not find any molecular hallmark of a selective relaxation in mitogenomes of parasitic flatworms; on the contrary, three out of the four studied free-living triclad mitogenomes exhibit higher A+T content and selective relaxation levels. Additionally, we provide new and valuable molecular data to develop markers for future phylogenetic studies on planariids and geoplanids.
1 aSolà, Eduard1 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta1 aFrías-López, Cristina1 aLittlewood, Timothy, J1 aRozas, Julio1 aRiutort, Marta1 aEscriva, Hector uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368550/01507nas a2200181 4500008004100000020002300041245012500064210006900189260003500258300000900293490000800302520085400310100002801164700002801192700003101220700002901251856004501280 2015 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aThe first troglobitic species of freshwater flatworm of the suborder Continenticola (Platyhelminthes) from South America0 afirst troglobitic species of freshwater flatworm of the suborder bPensoft Publishersc12/01/2015 a1-160 v4703 aBrazilian cave diversity, especially of invertebrates, is poorly known. The Bodoquena Plateau, which is located in the Cerrado Biome in central Brazil, has approximately 200 recorded caves with a rich system of subterranean water resources and high troglobitic diversity. Herein we describe a new troglobitic species of Girardia that represents the first obligate cave-dwelling species of the suborder Continenticola in South America. Specimens of the new species, which occur in a limestone cave in the Bodoquena Plateau, in the Cerrado biome, are unpigmented and eyeless. Species recognition in the genus Girardia is difficult, due to their great morphological resemblance. However, the new species can be easily recognized by a unique feature in its copulatory apparatus, namely a large, branched bulbar cavity with multiple diverticula.
1 ade Souza, Stella, Teles1 aMorais, Ana, Laura Nune1 aCordeiro, Lívia, Medeiros1 aLeal-Zanchet, Ana, Maria uhttps://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.470.872800804nas a2200277 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001100199490000800210100001400218700001800232700001300250700001800263700001800281700001900299700001800318700001900336700001900355700001800374700001700392700001600409700002100425700001900446700001500465856004600480 2015 eng d00aGenome and transcriptome of the regeneration-competent flatworm, Macrostomum lignano0 aGenome and transcriptome of the regenerationcompetent flatworm M c2015//0 v1121 aWasik, K.1 aGurtowski, J.1 aZhou, X.1 aRamos, O., M.1 aDelas, M., J.1 aBattistoni, G.1 aDemerdash, O.1 aFalciatori, I.1 aVizoso, D., B.1 aSmith, A., D.1 aLadurner, P.1 aScharer, L.1 aMcCombie, W., R.1 aHannon, G., J.1 aSchatz, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.151671811203549nas a2200433 4500008004100000020001400041245015600055210006900211260001500280300001000295490000600305520225600311653001802567653001302585653002102598653002102619653001902640653001802659653001602677653001402693653001902707653000802726100002202734700001802756700002302774700001902797700001802816700002602834700003202860700003002892700002302922700002102945700002202966700002402988700002303012700002103035700002003056856003903076 2015 eng d a2167-835900aThe invasive land planarian Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae): records from six new localities, including the first in the USA0 ainvasive land planarian iPlatydemus manokwarii Platyhelminthes G c2015/06/23 ae10370 v33 aThe land planarian Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963 or “New Guinea flatworm” is a highly invasive species, mainly in the Pacific area, and recently in Europe (France). We report specimens from six additional countries and territories: New Caledonia (including mainland and two of the Loyalty Islands, Lifou and Maré), Wallis and Futuna Islands, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Puerto Rico, and Florida, USA. We analysed the COI gene (barcoding) in these specimens with two sets of primers and obtained 909 bp long sequences. In addition, specimens collected in Townsville (Australia) were also sequenced. Two haplotypes of the COI sequence, differing by 3.7%, were detected: the “World haplotype” found in France, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Singapore, Florida and Puerto Rico; and the “Australian haplotype” found in Australia. The only locality with both haplotypes was in the Solomon Islands. The country of origin of Platydemus manokwari is New Guinea, and Australia and the Solomon Islands are the countries closest to New Guinea from which we had specimens. These results suggest that two haplotypes exist in the area of origin of the species, but that only one of the two haplotypes (the “World haplotype”) has, through human agency, been widely dispersed. However, since P. manokwari is now recorded from 22 countries in the world and we have genetic information from only 8 of these, with none from New Guinea, this analysis provides only partial knowledge of the genetic structure of the invasive species. Morphological analysis of specimens from both haplotypes has shown some differences in ratio of the genital structures but did not allow us to interpret the haplotypes as different species. The new reports from Florida and Puerto Rico are firsts for the USA, for the American continent, and the Caribbean. P. manokwari is a known threat for endemic terrestrial molluscs and its presence is a matter of concern. While most of the infected territories reported until now were islands, the newly reported presence of the species in mainland US in Florida should be considered a potential major threat to the whole US and even the Americas.
10aAlien species10aFlatworm10aFrench Polynesia10aInvasive species10aLand planarian10aNew Caledonia10aPuerto Rico10aSingapore10aSolomon Island10aUSA1 aJustine, Jean-Lou1 aWinsor, Leigh1 aBarrière, Patrick1 aFanai, Crispus1 aGey, Delphine1 aHan, Andrew, Wee Kien1 aLa Quay-Velázquez, Giomara1 aLee, Benjamin, Paul Yi-Ha1 aLefevre, Jean-Marc1 aMeyer, Jean-Yves1 aPhilippart, David1 aRobinson, David, G.1 aThévenot, Jessica1 aTsatsia, Francis1 aBuckley, Hannah uhttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.103700511nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001100208490000600219100001600225700002000241700001900261700001100280700002000291856004200311 2015 eng d00aA mex3 homolog is required for differentiation during planarian stem cell lineage development0 amex3 homolog is required for differentiation during planarian st c2015//0 v41 aZhu, S., J.1 aHallows, S., E.1 aCurrie, K., W.1 aXu, C.1 aPearson, B., J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.0702500638nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001100200490000800211100002100219700001600240700001500256700001700271700001900288700002600307700001600333700002100349700002000370856004200390 2015 eng d00aThe octopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morphological novelties0 aoctopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morpho c2015//0 v5241 aAlbertin, C., B.1 aSimakov, O.1 aMitros, T.1 aWang, Z., Y.1 aPungor, J., R.1 aEdsinger-Gonzales, E.1 aBrenner, S.1 aRagsdale, C., W.1 aRokhsar, D., S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature1466800467nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260001100212490000800223100001600231700001900247700001800266856004900284 2015 eng d00aThe planarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model for studying motile cilia and multiciliated cells0 aplanarian Schmidtea mediterranea as a model for studying motile c2015//0 v1271 aBasquin, C.1 aOrfila, A., M.1 aAzimzadeh, J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.01.00901301nas a2200193 4500008004100000020001400041245010700055210006900162260001100231300001100242490000600253520069900259100001900958700002000977700002100997700002101018700002001039856004801059 2015 eng d a2056-306X00aPlanarian shows decision-making behavior in response to multiple stimuli by integrative brain function0 aPlanarian shows decisionmaking behavior in response to multiple c2015// a1 - 150 v13 aPlanarians belong to an evolutionarily early group of organisms that possess a central nervous system including a well-organized brain with a simple architecture but many types of neurons. Planarians display a number of behaviors, such as phototaxis and thermotaxis, in response to external stimuli, and it has been shown that various molecules and neural pathways in the brain are involved in controlling these behaviors. However, due to the lack of combinatorial assay methods, it remains obscure whether planarians possess higher brain functions, including integration in the brain, in which multiple signals coming from outside are coordinated and used in determining behavioral strategies.1 aInoue, Takeshi1 aHoshino, Hajime1 aYamashita, Taiga1 aShimoyama, Seira1 aAgata, Kiyokazu uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40851-014-0010-z02278nas a2200181 4500008004100000020002300041245005900064210005800123260005200181300001400233490000600247520170800253100001601961700002101977700002401998700001702022856005702039 2015 eng d a2005-36062005-544700aPlanarians: an In Vivo Model for Regenerative Medicine0 aPlanarians an In Vivo Model for Regenerative Medicine bKorean Society for Stem Cell Researchc2015/11/ a128 - 1330 v83 aThe emergence of regenerative medicine has raised the hope of treating an extraordinary range of disease and serious injuries. Understanding the processes of cell proliferation, differentiation and pattern formation in regenerative organisms could help find ways to enhance the poor regenerative abilities shown by many other animals, including humans. Recently, planarians have emerged as an attractive model in which to study regeneration. These animals are considering as in vivo plate, during which we can study the behavior and characristics of stem cells in their own niche. A variety of characteristic such as: simplicity, easy to manipulate experimentally, the existence of more than 100 years of literature, makes these animals an extraordinary model for regenerative medicine researches. Among planarians free-living freshwater hermaphrodite Schmidtea mediterranea has emerged as a suitable model system because it displays robust regenerative properties and, unlike most other planarians, it is a stable diploid with a genome size of about 4.8×10(8) base pairs, nearly half that of other common planarians. Planarian regeneration involves two highly flexible systems: pluripotent neoblasts that can generate any new cell type and muscle cells that provide positional instructions for the regeneration of anybody region. neoblasts represent roughly 25~30 percent of all planarian cells and are scattered broadly through the parenchyma, being absent only from the animal head tips and the pharynx. Two models for neo-blast specification have been proposed; the naive model posits that all neoblasts are stem cells with the same potential and are a largely homogeneous population.
1 aKarami, Ali1 aTebyanian, Hamid1 aGoodarzi, Vahabodin1 aShiri, Sajad uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4651277/00428nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005900041210005700100260001100157490000700168100001700175700001600192700001300208700002100221856004000242 2015 eng d00aSmedGD 2.0: The Schmidtea mediterranea genome database0 aSmedGD 20 The Schmidtea mediterranea genome database c2015//0 v531 aRobb, S., M.1 aGotting, K.1 aRoss, E.1 aAlvarado, A., S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.2287200586nas a2200181 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260001100196490000600207100001800213700001700231700002100248700001600269700002500285700001800310700002400328856005200352 2015 eng d00aStem cells and fluid flow drive cyst formation in an invertebrate excretory organ0 aStem cells and fluid flow drive cyst formation in an invertebrat c2015//0 v41 aThi-KimVu, H.1 aRink, J., C.1 aMcKinney, S., A.1 aMcClain, M.1 aLakshmanaperumal, N.1 aAlexander, R.1 aSanchezAlvarado, A. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/166301489nas a2200181 4500008004100000020002300041245011600064210006900180260002900249300001100278520087100289100001801160700001801178700001501196700002001211700001901231856005701250 2015 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aThe taxonomic status of Dugesia biblica from Israel and Turkey (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)0 ataxonomic status of iDugesia biblicai from Israel and Turkey Pla bPensoft Publishersc2015 a1 - 123 aThe taxonomic status of Dugesia biblica (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Israel and Turkey is problematic due to its morphological similarity with Dugesia sicula since these nominal species present overlapping characters. In this study we analyzed histological preparations of specimens of these two nominal species and also compared mitochondrial COI gene sequences from Israeli populations to the already known haplotype composition of Dugesia sicula. We concluded that these animals belong to the same species and therefore we consider Dugesia biblica to be a junior synonym of Dugesia sicula. This implies that the distribution range of Dugesia sicula is even wider than previously thought, and that the species is present all around the Mediterranean Basin and on many of its islands.
1 aSolà, Eduard1 aSluys, Ronald1 aSegev, Ori1 aBlaustein, Leon1 aRiutort, Marta uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467178/02833nas a2200301 4500008004100000020002300041245009000064210006900154260002700223300001600250490000700266520188800273100002002161700002202181700002602203700002002229700002502249700002402274700001902298700002302317700002802340700001602368700002002384700002102404700002202425700002702447856005702474 2015 eng d a0960-98221879-044500aA Transcriptomic-Phylogenomic Analysis of the Evolutionary Relationships of Flatworms0 aTranscriptomicPhylogenomic Analysis of the Evolutionary Relation bCell Pressc2015/05/18 a1347 - 13530 v253 aThe interrelationships of the flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes) are poorly resolved despite decades of morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies []. The earliest-branching clades (Catenulida, Macrostomorpha, and Polycladida) share spiral cleavage and entolecithal eggs with other lophotrochozoans. Lecithoepitheliata have primitive spiral cleavage but derived ectolecithal eggs. Other orders (Rhabdocoela, Proseriata, Tricladida and relatives, and Bothrioplanida) all have derived ectolecithal eggs but have uncertain affinities to one another. The orders of parasitic Neodermata emerge from an uncertain position from within these ectolecithal classes. To tackle these problems, we have sequenced transcriptomes from 18 flatworms and 5 other metazoan groups. The addition of published data produces an alignment of >107,000 amino acids with less than 28% missing data from 27 flatworm taxa in 11 orders covering all major clades. Our phylogenetic analyses show that Platyhelminthes consist of the two clades Catenulida and Rhabditophora. Within Rhabditophora, we show the earliest-emerging branch is Macrostomorpha, not Polycladida. We show Lecithoepitheliata are not members of Neoophora but are sister group of Polycladida, implying independent origins of the ectolecithal eggs found in Lecithoepitheliata and Neoophora. We resolve Rhabdocoela as the most basally branching euneoophoran taxon. Tricladida, Bothrioplanida, and Neodermata constitute a group that appears to have lost both spiral cleavage and centrosomes. We identify Bothrioplanida as the long-sought closest free-living sister group of the parasitic Neodermata. Among parasitic orders, we show that Cestoda are closer to Trematoda than to Monogenea, rejecting the concept of the Cercomeromorpha. Our results have important implications for understanding the evolution of this major phylum.
1 aEgger, Bernhard1 aLapraz, François1 aTomiczek, Bartłomiej1 aMüller, Steven1 aDessimoz, Christophe1 aGirstmair, Johannes1 aŠkunca, Nives1 aRawlinson, Kate, A1 aCameron, Christopher, B1 aBeli, Elena1 aTodaro, Antonio1 aGammoudi, Mehrez1 aNoreña, Carolina1 aTelford, Maximilian, J uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4446793/01771nas a2200205 4500008004100000020001400041245013000055210006900185260003300254300001100287520103900298100001701337700002801354700002901382700003001411700001701441700002601458700002901484856005201513 2015 eng d a0022-293300aTwo new Geoplaninae species (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from Southern Brazil based on an integrative taxonomic approach0 aTwo new Geoplaninae species Platyhelminthes Continenticola from bTaylor & Francisc2015/10/29 a1 - 293 aThe genera Cratera Carbayo et al., 2013 and Obama Carbayo et al., 2013, belonging to the subfamily Geoplaninae, were recently proposed to encompass some of the species that belonged to the genus Geoplana Stimpson, 1857. Herein we describe two new species of Geoplaninae, occurring in areas of ombrophilous forest which belong to the southern portion of the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. The species are sympatric in their type-locality. In general, both new species herein described match the diagnostic characteristics of their genera. However, some of these features are noteworthy when characters of the new species are taken into consideration, especially the pattern of the sensory pits and the morphology of the prostatic vesicle. Both species are differentiated from their congeners by a combination of morphological characteristics, corroborated by phylogenetic analyses of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, as well as the Automatic Barcode Gap tool.
1 aRossi, Ilana1 aAmaral, Silvana, Vargas1 aRibeiro, Giovana, Gamino1 aCauduro, Guilherme, Pinto1 aFick, Israel1 aValiati, Victor, Hugo1 aLeal-Zanchet, Ana, Maria uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2015.108405702108nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245010600055210006900161260005900230300001300289490000700302520131600309100002101625700002101646700001901667700002201686700002301708700001901731700002301750700002001773700001601793856005701809 2015 eng d a1932-620300aUnusually Large Number of Mutations in Asexually Reproducing Clonal Planarian Dugesia japonica0 aUnusually Large Number of Mutations in Asexually Reproducing Clo aSan Francisco, CA USAbPublic Library of Sciencec2015 ae01435250 v103 aWe established a laboratory clonal strain of freshwater planarian (Dugesia japonica) that was derived from a single individual and that continued to undergo autotomous asexual reproduction for more than 20 years, and we performed large-scale genome sequencing and transcriptome analysis on it. Despite the fact that a completely clonal strain of the planarian was used, an unusually large number of mutations were detected. To enable quantitative genetic analysis of such a unique organism, we developed a new model called the Reference Gene Model, and used it to conduct large-scale transcriptome analysis. The results revealed large numbers of mutations not only outside but also inside gene-coding regions. Non-synonymous SNPs were detected in 74% of the genes for which valid ORFs were predicted. Interestingly, the high-mutation genes, such as metabolism- and defense-related genes, were correlated with genes that were previously identified as diverse genes among different planarian species. Although a large number of amino acid substitutions were apparently accumulated during asexual reproduction over this long period of time, the planarian maintained normal body-shape, behaviors, and physiological functions. The results of the present study reveal a unique aspect of asexual reproduction.
1 aNishimura, Osamu1 aHosoda, Kazutaka1 aKawaguchi, Eri1 aYazawa, Shigenobu1 aHayashi, Tetsutaro1 aInoue, Takeshi1 aUmesono, Yoshihiko1 aAgata, Kiyokazu1 aFu, Binying uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654569/00628nas a2200145 4500008004100000245016500041210006900206300004400275100002400319700003000343700002000373700002200393700002300415856004400438 2014 eng d00aArticle I. A list of publications on Japanese "Turbellarians" (2013) including titles of publications on foreign "turbellarians" written by the Japanese authors0 aArticle I A list of publications on Japanese Turbellarians 2013 aKawakatsu’s Web Library on Planarians1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aFroehlich, Eudoxia, Maria1 aJones, Hugh, D.1 aKawakatsu, Miyuki1 aKawakatsu, Tetsuya uhttp://riverwin.jp/pl/m14_2/K14I%20.pdf00544nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009300041210006900134260001100203490000800214100001300222700002100235700001700256700001700273700001600290700001600306856005200322 2014 eng d00aCentriole amplification by mother and daughter centrioles differs in multiciliated cells0 aCentriole amplification by mother and daughter centrioles differ c2014//0 v5161 aJord, Al1 aLemaitre, A., I.1 aDelgehyr, N.1 aFaucourt, M.1 aSpassky, N.1 aMeunier, A. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/162400409nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005900041210005500100260001100155490000800166100001700174700001600191700001600207856005200223 2014 eng d00aThe centrosome duplication cycle in health and disease0 acentrosome duplication cycle in health and disease c2014//0 v5881 aNigg, E., A.1 aCajanek, L.1 aArquint, C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2014.06.03001861nas a2200241 4500008004100000020001400041245019000055210006900245260005600314300001200370490000600382520096200388100002101350700002001371700002201391700002401413700002401437700002501461700002201486700002501508700002901533856005701562 2014 eng d a1932-620300aConfirmation and Distribution of Tetrodotoxin for the First Time in Terrestrial Invertebrates: Two Terrestrial Flatworm Species (Bipalium adventitium and Bipalium kewense)0 aConfirmation and Distribution of Tetrodotoxin for the First Time aSan Francisco, USAbPublic Library of Sciencec2014 ae1007180 v93 aThe potent neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX) is known from a diverse array of taxa, but is unknown in terrestrial invertebrates. Tetrodotoxin is a low molecular weight compound that acts by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, inducing paralysis. However, the origins and ecological functions of TTX in most taxa remain mysterious. Here, we show that TTX is present in two species of terrestrial flatworm (Bipalium adventitium and Bipalium kewense) using a competitive inhibition enzymatic immunoassay to quantify the toxin and high phase liquid chromatography to confirm the presence. We also investigated the distribution of TTX throughout the bodies of the flatworms and provide evidence suggesting that TTX is used during predation to subdue large prey items. We also show that the egg capsules of B. adventitium have TTX, indicating a further role in defense. These data suggest a potential route for TTX bioaccumulation in terrestrial systems.
1 aStokes, Amber, N1 aDucey, Peter, K1 aNeuman-Lee, Lorin1 aHanifin, Charles, T1 aFrench, Susannah, S1 aPfrender, Michael, E1 aBrodie, Edmund, D1 aJr, Edmund, D Brodie1 aDickens, Joseph, Clifton uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4070999/00436nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001100204490000900215100001900224700002100243856005000264 2014 eng d00aedgeR for differential RNA-seq and ChIP-seq analysis: an application to stem cell biology0 aedgeR for differential RNAseq and ChIPseq analysis an applicatio c2014//0 v11501 aNikolayeva, O.1 aRobinson, M., D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0512-6_300521nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001100208490000700219100002200226700001600248700001900264700001700283700001600300856004700316 2014 eng d00aFluorescent sperm in a transparent worm: validation of a GFP marker to study sexual selection0 aFluorescent sperm in a transparent worm validation of a GFP mark c2014//0 v141 aMarie-Orleach, L.1 aJanicke, T.1 aVizoso, D., B.1 aEichmann, M.1 aScharer, L. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-14800693nas a2200205 4500008004100000020001400041245002700055210002700082260004900109300001100158490000600169520016400175653001200339653001300351653001700364653003000381653001400411100001900425856004300444 2014 eng d a2050-084X00aGenes for regeneration0 aGenes for regeneration beLife Sciences Publications, Ltdc2014/04/15 ae025170 v33 aFoxA, an evolutionarily conserved gene involved in the development of the digestive system in many animals, has an important role in regeneration in flatworms.10aPharynx10aplanaria10aregeneration10asingle-organ regeneration10astem cell1 aRossant, Janet uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.0251702201nas a2200289 4500008004100000020001400041245014400055210006900199260001300268300001400281490000800295520123400303653002901537653002501566653002401591653002001615653001901635100002601654700002101680700002001701700001901721700002801740700002501768700002401793700002301817856007101840 2014 eng d a1631-069100aInvestigation of the ultrastructure of Dendrocoelum constrictum (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) spermatogenesis and mature spermatozoa0 aInvestigation of the ultrastructure of iDendrocoelum constrictum c2014/9// a513 - 5200 v3373 aTo add to our understanding of dendrocoelid spermatozoa and to describe additional phylogenetic characters, the ultrastructure of the testis was investigated in the subterranean freshwater planarian Dendrocoelum constrictum. This is the first study investigating spermatogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in a subterranean freshwater planarian species. We found that the basic structure of spermatozoa in D. constrictum is similar to that of other Tricladida that have been studied previously. In fact, D. constrictum spermatozoa possess an elongated nucleus, one giant mitochondrion, and two subterminal flagella with a 9 + ‘1’ pattern. The flagella emerge together from one side of the spermatozoon. However, D. constrictum has some characteristics that have not yet been described for other freshwater planarians. In fact, the number of cortical microtubules reaches the maximum number in the anterior and middle part of region I, and then decrease until they disappear towards the posterior extremity of the spermatozoon. The extreme tip of the anterior region of the spermatozoon exhibits a specific external ornamentation of the plasma membrane.
10aDendrocoelum constrictum10aFree-living flatworm10aMature spermatozoon10aSpermatogenesis10aUltrastructure1 aHarrath, Abdel, Halim1 aGammoudi, Mehrez1 aMansour, Lamjed1 aAhmed, Mukhtar1 aSirotkin, Alexander, V.1 aOmar, Suliman, Y. Al1 aIbrahim, Khalid, E.1 aAlwasel, Saleh, H. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S163106911400163200320nas a2200121 4500008004100000245002400041210002400065260001100089490000700100100001900107700002400126856004800150 2014 eng d00aMulticiliated cells0 aMulticiliated cells c2014//0 v241 aBrooks, E., R.1 aWallingford, J., B. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.04700427nas a2200145 4500008004100000245006000041210006000101260001100161490000700172100001100179700001600190700001400206700001600220856004500236 2014 eng d00aMulticilin drives centriole biogenesis via E2f proteins0 aMulticilin drives centriole biogenesis via E2f proteins c2014//0 v281 aMa, L.1 aQuigley, I.1 aOmran, H.1 aKintner, C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.243832.11403050nas a2200313 4500008004100000022001400041245010100055210006900156260001300225300001100238490000700249520216500256653001202421653001202433653001702445653001502462653002302477653002302500653001502523653001702538653002302555653001202578653001102590100001702601700002102618700002502639700002002664856005202684 2014 eng d a1365-265600aPredator effects on a detritus-based food web are primarily mediated by non-trophic interactions0 aPredator effects on a detritusbased food web are primarily media c2014 Jul a953-620 v833 aPredator effects on ecosystems can extend far beyond their prey and are often not solely lethally transmitted. Change in prey traits in response to predation risk can have important repercussions on community assembly and key ecosystem processes (i.e. trait-mediated indirect effects). In addition, some predators themselves alter habitat structure or nutrient cycling through ecological engineering effects. Tracking these non-trophic pathways is thus an important, yet challenging task to gain a better grasp of the functional role of predators. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that, in detritus-based food webs, non-trophic interactions may prevail over purely trophic interactions in determining predator effects on plant litter decomposition. This hypothesis was tested in a headwater stream by modulating the density of a flatworm predator (Polycelis felina) in enclosures containing oak (Quercus robur) leaf litter exposed to natural colonization by small invertebrates and microbial decomposers. Causal path modelling was used to infer how predator effects propagated through the food web. Flatworms accelerated litter decomposition through positive effects on microbial decomposers. The biomass of prey and non-prey invertebrates was not negatively affected by flatworms, suggesting that net predator effect on litter decomposition was primarily determined by non-trophic interactions. Flatworms enhanced the deposition and retention of fine sediments on leaf surface, thereby improving leaf colonization by invertebrates - most of which having strong affinities with interstitial habitats. This predator-induced improvement of habitat availability was attributed to the sticky nature of the mucus that flatworms secrete in copious amount while foraging. Results of path analyses further indicated that this bottom-up ecological engineering effect was as powerful as the top-down effect on invertebrate prey. Our findings suggest that predators have the potential to affect substantially carbon flow and nutrient cycling in detritus-based ecosystems and that this impact cannot be fully appreciated without considering non-trophic effects.
10aAnimals10aBiomass10aCarbon Cycle10aFood Chain10aGeologic Sediments10aModels, Biological10aplanarians10aPlant Leaves10aPredatory Behavior10aQuercus10aRivers1 aMajdi, Nabil1 aBoiché, Anatole1 aTraunspurger, Walter1 aLecerf, Antoine uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172300505nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260001100211490000600222100001800228700001900246700002100265700002100286856005200307 2014 eng d00aSelective amputation of the pharynx identifies a FoxA-dependent regeneration program in planaria0 aSelective amputation of the pharynx identifies a FoxAdependent r c2014//0 v31 aAdler, C., E.1 aSeidel, C., W.1 aMcKinney, S., A.1 aAlvarado, A., S. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/161700480nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260001100216490000700227100002400234700001900258700002000277856004900297 2014 eng d00aSingle-cell analysis reveals functionally distinct classes within the planarian stem cell compartment0 aSinglecell analysis reveals functionally distinct classes within c2014//0 v151 aWolfswinkel, J., C.1 aWagner, D., E.1 aReddien, P., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.stem.2014.06.00700473nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001100222490000700233100001400240700001800254700001400272856005300286 2014 eng d00aThermosensory signaling by TRPM is processed by brain serotonergic neurons to produce planarian thermotaxis0 aThermosensory signaling by TRPM is processed by brain serotonerg c2014//0 v341 aInoue, T.1 aYamashita, T.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5379-13.201402432nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012900055210006900184260001300253300001100266490000800277520163700285653001201922653001601934653001101950653001501961653000901976653001201985653001501997653001702012653001402029100001902043700001802062700002202080856005202102 2014 eng d a1432-088600aTriploid planarian reproduces truly bisexually with euploid gametes produced through a different meiotic system between sex.0 aTriploid planarian reproduces truly bisexually with euploid game c2014 Jun a265-720 v1233 aAlthough polyploids are common among plants and some animals, polyploidization often causes reproductive failure. Triploids, in particular, are characterized by the problems of chromosomal pairing and segregation during meiosis, which may cause aneuploid gametes and results in sterility. Thus, they are generally considered to reproduce only asexually. In the case of the Platyhelminthes Dugesia ryukyuensis, populations with triploid karyotypes are normally found in nature as both fissiparous and oviparous triploids. Fissiparous triploids can also be experimentally sexualized if they are fed sexual planarians, developing both gonads and other reproductive organs. Fully sexualized worms begin reproducing by copulation rather than fission. In this study, we examined the genotypes of the offspring obtained by breeding sexualized triploids and found that the offspring inherited genes from both parents, i.e., they reproduced truly bisexually. Furthermore, meiotic chromosome behavior in triploid sexualized planarians differed significantly between male and female germ lines, in that female germ line cells remained triploid until prophase I, whereas male germ line cells appeared to become diploid before entry into meiosis. Oocytes at the late diplotene stage contained not only paired bivalents but also unpaired univalents that were suggested to produce diploid eggs if they remained in subsequent processes. Triploid planarians may therefore form euploid gametes by different meiotic systems in female and male germ lines and thus are be able to reproduce sexually in contrast to many other triploid organisms.
10aAnimals10aChromosomes10aFemale10aGerm Cells10aMale10aMeiosis10aplanarians10areproduction10aTriploidy1 aChinone, Ayako1 aNodono, Hanae1 aMatsumoto, Midori uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/176600452nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005800041210005800099260001100157490000800168100001700176700001800193700002100211700001700232856005700249 2013 eng d00aAnalysis of ciliary assembly and function in planaria0 aAnalysis of ciliary assembly and function in planaria c2013//0 v5251 aRompolas, P.1 aAzimzadeh, J.1 aMarshall, W., F.1 aKing, S., M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397944-5.00012-200442nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260001100230490000800241100001600249700001400265856004100279 2013 eng d00aAn automated training paradigm reveals long-term memory in planarians and its persistence through head regeneration0 aautomated training paradigm reveals longterm memory in planarian c2013//0 v2161 aShomrat, T.1 aLevin, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.08780902050nas a2200265 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260000900265300001000274490000700284520122200291653001201513653002101525653001901546653001901565653001401584100002001598700002201618700002501640700002201665700002101687700002401708856005201732 2013 eng d a0015-549700aBehavioral, morphological and histopathological effects of sublethal doses of quercetin on the species Polycelis felina (Dalyell)0 aBehavioral morphological and histopathological effects of sublet c2013 a101-60 v613 aThe effect of quercetin was studied on the multi-eyed flatworm Polycelis felina (Daly.) in laboratory conditions. This is a very suitable test-organism available year-round in nature, easily maintained in the laboratory. The results showed that depending on the dose and recovery period quercetin caused locomotory (behavioral) changes in treated animals including aggregation in groups, resting and unsynchronized movements and twisting of particular body parts. Morphological changes in the form of depigmentation of certain body parts were the result of damage or deterioration ofreticular and parenchymal cells. Numerous basophilic bodies representing parts of damaged and decomposed cells were determined in the gastroderm between the third and seventh day after treatment. All histological preparations revealed significant deterioration of cellular material, and therefore a damaging effect of quercetin on the multi-eyed flatworm Polycelis felina (Daly.). We found an increased number of neoblasts and reticular cells on the third day after treatment, so we concluded that quercetin in the applied doses had a stimulating effect on cell division of neoblasts and reticular cells of treated flatworms.
10aAnimals10aBehavior, Animal10aMotor Activity10aPlatyhelminths10aQuercetin1 aRajević, Nives1 aMatković, Helena1 aGregorović, Gordana1 aKovacević, Goran1 aKnezović, Lejla1 aKalafatić, Mirjana uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172200615nas a2200217 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260001100218490000700229100001300236700001200249700001200261700001200273700001100285700001400296700001100310700001400321700001200335700001200347856003800359 2013 eng d00aThe Cep63 paralogue Deup1 enables massive de novo centriole biogenesis for vertebrate multiciliogenesis0 aCep63 paralogue Deup1 enables massive de novo centriole biogenes c2013//0 v151 aZhao, H.1 aZhu, L.1 aZhu, Y.1 aCao, J.1 aLi, S.1 aHuang, Q.1 aXu, T.1 aHuang, X.1 aYan, X.1 aZhu, X. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncb288000472nas a2200169 4500008004100000245004500041210004500086260001100131490000700142100001500149700001600164700001600180700001600196700001900212700002300231856004800254 2013 eng d00aCue competition effects in the planarian0 aCue competition effects in the planarian c2013//0 v161 aPrados, J.1 aAlvarez, B.1 aHowarth, J.1 aStewart, K.1 aGibson, C., L.1 aHutchinson, C., V. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10071-012-0561-300290nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003200041210003200073260001100105490000600116100002000122856003800142 2013 eng d00aEvolution of homeobox genes0 aEvolution of homeobox genes c2013//0 v21 aHolland, P., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wdev.7800566nas a2200217 4500008004100000245006300041210005900104260001100163490000700174100001400181700001400195700001400209700001400223700001100237700001100248700001200259700001300271700001400284700001200298856003800310 2013 eng d00aThe genome of the hydatid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus0 agenome of the hydatid tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus c2013//0 v451 aZheng, H.1 aZhang, W.1 aZhang, L.1 aZhang, Z.1 aLi, J.1 aLu, G.1 aZhu, Y.1 aWang, Y.1 aHuang, Y.1 aLiu, J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.275700451nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001100208490000800219100001500227700001900242700001500261856004100276 2013 eng d00aHox genes and region-specific sensorimotor circuit formation in the hindbrain and spinal cord0 aHox genes and regionspecific sensorimotor circuit formation in t c2013//0 v2421 aBonito, M.1 aGlover, J., C.1 aStuder, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.2405500449nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158260001100227490000700238100001700245700002000262856004500282 2013 eng d00aIn situ hybridization protocol for enhanced detection of gene expression in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea0 aIn situ hybridization protocol for enhanced detection of gene ex c2013//0 v131 aKing, R., S.1 aNewmark, P., A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-13-800429nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141260001100210490000700221100001400228700002100242856004400263 2013 eng d00aMAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: improvements in performance and usability0 aMAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7 improvement c2013//0 v301 aKatoh, K.1 aStandley, D., M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst01000488nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006500041210006500106260001100171490000600182100002100188700001400209700001900223700001700242700002000259856005100279 2013 eng d00aMuscle cells provide instructions for planarian regeneration0 aMuscle cells provide instructions for planarian regeneration c2013//0 v41 aWitchley, J., N.1 aMayer, M.1 aWagner, D., E.1 aOwen, J., H.1 aReddien, P., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.02200554nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260001100223490000800234100001600242700001800258700002400276700001200300700001700312700001400329856004100343 2013 eng d00aRNA interference by feeding in vitro-synthesized double-stranded RNA to planarians: methodology and dynamics0 aRNA interference by feeding in vitrosynthesized doublestranded R c2013//0 v2421 aRouhana, L.1 aWeiss, J., A.1 aForsthoefel, D., J.1 aLee, H.1 aKing, R., S.1 aInoue, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.2395000337nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260001100143490000800154100001700162856004800179 2013 eng d00aStem cell systems and regeneration in planaria0 aStem cell systems and regeneration in planaria c2013//0 v2231 aRink, J., C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-012-0426-400463nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001100242490000800253100001900261700002000280856004100300 2013 eng d00aTranscription factors lhx1/5-1 and pitx are required for the maintenance and regeneration of serotonergic neurons in planarians0 aTranscription factors lhx151 and pitx are required for the maint c2013//0 v1401 aCurrie, K., W.1 aPearson, B., J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.09859000465nas a2200157 4500008004100000245005100041210005100092260001100143490000800154100001800162700001700180700002100197700002200218700002100240856004600261 2012 eng d00aCentrosome loss in the evolution of planarians0 aCentrosome loss in the evolution of planarians c2012//0 v3351 aAzimzadeh, J.1 aWong, M., L.1 aDownhour, D., M.1 aAlvarado, Sanchez1 aMarshall, W., F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.121445700676nas a2200217 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260001100231490000700242100001800249700001500267700001900282700001200301700001600313700001800329700001700347700001500364700001800379700002100397856004000418 2012 eng d00aA comparative transcriptomic analysis reveals conserved features of stem cell pluripotency in planarians and mammals0 acomparative transcriptomic analysis reveals conserved features o c2012//0 v301 aLabbe, R., M.1 aIrimia, M.1 aCurrie, K., W.1 aLin, A.1 aZhu, S., J.1 aBrown, D., D.1 aRoss, E., J.1 aVoisin, V.1 aBader, G., D.1 aBlencowe, B., J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stem.114400557nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010900041210006900150260001100219490000700230100001600237700001600253700001700269700001400286700002500300700001800325856004400343 2012 eng d00aComprehensive gene expression analyses in pluripotent stem cells of a planarian, Dugesia japonica0 aComprehensive gene expression analyses in pluripotent stem cells c2012//0 v561 aShibata, N.1 aHayashi, T.1 aFukumura, R.1 aFujii, J.1 aKudome-Takamatsu, T.1 aNishimura, O. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.113434ns00684nas a2200229 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260001100209490000800220100001700228700001700245700001600262700001800278700001700296700001700313700001600330700001500346700001300361700001500374700001600389856004900405 2012 eng d00aCoordinated ciliary beating requires Odf2-mediated polarization of basal bodies via basal feet0 aCoordinated ciliary beating requires Odf2mediated polarization o c2012//0 v1481 aKunimoto, K.1 aYamazaki, Y.1 aNishida, T.1 aShinohara, K.1 aIshikawa, H.1 aHasegawa, T.1 aOkanoue, T.1 aHamada, H.1 aNoda, T.1 aTamura, A.1 aTsukita, S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.10.05201328nas a2200181 4500008004100000020002300041245014800064210006900212260002900281300001300310520065600323100002300979700002901002700001601031700001901047700002301066856005701089 2012 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aFirst report of the exotic blue land planarian, Caenoplana coerulea (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae), on Menorca (Balearic Islands, Spain)0 aFirst report of the exotic blue land planarian iCaenoplana coeru bPensoft Publishersc2012 a91 - 1053 aIn April 2009 two specimens of a terrestrial flatworm were collected from under a rock in an orchard at Ciutadella de Menorca on the easternmost Balearic island of Menorca (Spain). Their external morphology suggested that both specimens belonged to the invasive blue planarian Caenoplana coerulea, a species which is native to eastern Australia. Sequence data of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and of the entire 18S ribosomal RNA confirm its identification. This is one of the first records of the species in Europe where it has only been found in one locality in the United Kingdom, France and NE Spain.
1 aBreugelmans, Karin1 aCardona, Josep, Quintana1 aArtois, Tom1 aJordaens, Kurt1 aBackeljau, Thierry uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3368283/01983nas a2200145 4500008004100000020001400041245005100055210005100106260001100157300001200168490000800180520158000188100002101768856004801789 2012 eng d a1432-041X00aStem cell systems and regeneration in planaria0 aStem cell systems and regeneration in planaria c2012// a67 - 840 v2233 aPlanarians are members of the Platyhelminthes (flatworms). These animals have evolved a remarkable stem cell system. A single pluripotent adult stem cell type (“neoblast”) gives rise to the entire range of cell types and organs in the planarian body plan, including a brain, digestive-, excretory-, sensory- and reproductive systems. Neoblasts are abundantly present throughout the mesenchyme and divide continuously. The resulting stream of progenitors and turnover of differentiated cells drive the rapid self-renewal of the entire animal within a matter of weeks. Planarians grow and literally de-grow (“shrink”) by the food supply-dependent adjustment of organismal turnover rates, scaling body plan proportions over as much as a 50-fold size range. Their dynamic body architecture further allows astonishing regenerative abilities, including the regeneration of complete and perfectly proportioned animals even from tiny tissue remnants. Planarians as an experimental system, therefore, provide unique opportunities for addressing a spectrum of current problems in stem cell research, including the evolutionary conservation of pluripotency, the dynamic organization of differentiation lineages and the mechanisms underlying organismal stem cell homeostasis. The first part of this review focuses on the molecular biology of neoblasts as pluripotent stem cells. The second part examines the fascinating mechanistic and conceptual challenges posed by a stem cell system that epitomizes a universal design principle of biological systems: the dynamic steady state.1 aRink, Jochen, C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-012-0426-400642nas a2200205 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137260001100206490000800217100001500225700001500240700001900255700002000274700001800294700002000312700001800332700001900350700001700369856005000386 2011 eng d00aBoule-like genes regulate male and female gametogenesis in the flatworm Macrostomum lignano0 aBoulelike genes regulate male and female gametogenesis in the fl c2011//0 v3571 aKuales, G.1 aMulder, K.1 aGlashauser, J.1 aSalvenmoser, W.1 aTakashima, S.1 aHartenstein, V.1 aBerezikov, E.1 aSalzburger, W.1 aLadurner, P. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.06.03000453nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001100202490000800213100002500221700001300246700001400259856004600273 2011 eng d00aDishevelled is essential for neural connectivity and planar cell polarity in planarians0 aDishevelled is essential for neural connectivity and planar cell c2011//0 v1081 aAlmuedo-Castillo, M.1 aSalo, E.1 aAdell, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.101209010800467nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167260001100236490000800247100002500255700001500280856005000295 2011 eng d00aEvolutionary implications of morphogenesis and molecular patterning of the blind gut in the planarian Schmidtea polychroa0 aEvolutionary implications of morphogenesis and molecular pattern c2011//0 v3521 aMartin-Duran, J., M.1 aRomero, R. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2011.01.03202446nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260001300244300001000257490000700267520173400274653001202008653001202020653002902032653001602061653001502077653003102092100001902123700002202142856005202164 2011 eng d a1879-129800aThe freshwater planarian Polycelis felina as a sensitive species to assess the long-term toxicity of ammonia0 afreshwater planarian iPolycelis felinai as a sensitive species t c2011 Jul a533-70 v843 aBehavioural endpoints are a good link between physiological and ecological effects. However long-term behavioural endpoints are not uniformly studied over all different organism groups. For example behaviour has been scarcely studied in planarians. Unionized ammonia (NH(3)) is one of the most widespread pollutants in developed countries, and is known to alter animal behaviour. In this study a long-term (30 d) bioassay was conducted to assess the effect of this pollutant on survival and behavioural activity (e.g. locomotion activity) of the freshwater planarian Polycelis felina. One control and three environmentally-realistic concentrations of unionized ammonia (treatments of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.09 mg N-NH(3) L(-1)) were used in quintuplicate. The behaviour of planarians was measured after 0, 10, 20 and 30 d of ammonia exposure. Mortality was recorded every 2 d. Unionized ammonia increased mortality in the two highest NH(3) concentrations and the locomotory activity was depressed in all treatments after 20 d of exposure. Behavioural effect was observed at concentrations 20 times lower than the short-term LC50 for this species. Previous studies proposed safe concentrations of unionized ammonia of 0.01-0.10 mg N-NH(3) L(-1) to aquatic ecosystems, but our study has shown that these concentrations will affect planarians. Because planarians play a key role in streams (as predator/scavenger), safe concentrations should be below 0.02 mg N-NH(3) L(-1) to protect this species in the freshwater community. Our results can contribute to improve the knowledge about ammonia toxicity to freshwater ecosystems, we recommend that safe concentrations of unionized ammonia should be based on very sensitive species.
10aAmmonia10aAnimals10aEnvironmental Monitoring10aFresh Water10aplanarians10aWater Pollutants, Chemical1 aAlonso, Alvaro1 aCamargo, Julio, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172100498nas a2200157 4500008004100000245008000041210006900121260001100190490000700201100001700208700001700225700001500242700001600257700002000273856004700293 2011 eng d00aThe head-regeneration transcriptome of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea0 aheadregeneration transcriptome of the planarian Schmidtea medite c2011//0 v121 aSandmann, T.1 aVogg, M., C.1 aOwlarn, S.1 aBoutros, M.1 aBartscherer, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/gb-2011-12-8-r7600410nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004100041210004100082260001100123490000700134100002000141700001900161700001900180700002100199856004400220 2011 eng d00aHox collinearity—a new perspective0 aHox collinearity—a new perspective c2011//0 v551 aDurston, A., J.1 aJansen, H., J.1 aRieden, P., I.1 aHooiveld, M., H. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.113358ad00461nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260001100213490000800224100001700232700001500249700002200264856004100286 2011 eng d00aThe maintenance and regeneration of the planarian excretory system are regulated by EGFR signaling0 amaintenance and regeneration of the planarian excretory system a c2011//0 v1381 aRink, J., C.1 aVu, H., T.1 aAlvarado, Sanchez uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.06685200644nas a2200217 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260001100193490000700204100001600211700001700227700002100244700002100265700001700286700001600303700001700319700001900336700001800355700001600373856003700389 2011 eng d00aA primary microcephaly protein complex forms a ring around parental centrioles0 aprimary microcephaly protein complex forms a ring around parenta c2011//0 v431 aSir, J., H.1 aBarr, A., R.1 aNicholas, A., K.1 aCarvalho, O., P.1 aKhurshid, M.1 aSossick, A.1 aReichelt, S.1 aD’Santos, C.1 aWoods, C., G.1 aGergely, F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.97100513nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009300041210007100134260001100205490000700216100001600223700001500239700001800254700001400272700001400286856005500300 2011 eng d00aRegeneration in an evolutionarily primitive brain–the planarian Dugesia japonica model0 aRegeneration in an evolutionarily primitive brain–the planarian c2011//0 v341 aUmesono, Y.1 aTasaki, J.1 aNishimura, K.1 aInoue, T.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07819.x00465nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007300041210006900114260001100183490000800194100002000202700001900222700001700241700002000258856004100278 2011 eng d00aA regulatory program for excretory system regeneration in planarians0 aregulatory program for excretory system regeneration in planaria c2011//0 v1381 aScimone, M., L.1 aSrivastava, M.1 aBell, G., W.1 aReddien, P., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.06809800589nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001100248490000700259100001700266700001900283700001600302700002000318700001800338700001600356856004700372 2011 eng d00aThe repertoire of G protein-coupled receptors in the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni and the model organism Schmidtea mediterranea0 arepertoire of G proteincoupled receptors in the human parasite S c2011//0 v121 aZamanian, M.1 aKimber, M., J.1 aMcVeigh, P.1 aCarlson, S., A.1 aMaule, A., G.1 aDay, T., A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-59600472nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159260001100228490000700239100001500246700001300261700001800274856004600292 2011 eng d00aTwo-color fluorescent in situ hybridization in the embryonic zebrafish brain using differential detection systems0 aTwocolor fluorescent in situ hybridization in the embryonic zebr c2011//0 v111 aLauter, G.1 aSoll, I.1 aHauptmann, G. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-213X-11-4300493nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001100204490000800215100001800223700001700241700001800258700001400276856005700290 2010 eng d00aAnalysis of motor function modulated by cholinergic neurons in planarian Dugesia japonica0 aAnalysis of motor function modulated by cholinergic neurons in p c2010//0 v1681 aNishimura, K.1 aKitamura, Y.1 aTaniguchi, T.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.03800477nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260001100213490000700224100002100231700002100252700001800273856005200291 2010 eng d00aedgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data0 aedgeR a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysi c2010//0 v261 aRobinson, M., D.1 aMcCarthy, D., J.1 aSmyth, G., K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btp61600419nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123260001100192490000800203100001900211700001700230856005000247 2010 eng d00aEpigenetic control of Hox genes during neurogenesis, development, and disease0 aEpigenetic control of Hox genes during neurogenesis development c2010//0 v1921 aBarber, B., A.1 aRastegar, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2010.07.00900494nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260001100237490000800248100002500256700001400281700001500295856005000310 2010 eng d00aGerm layer specification and axial patterning in the embryonic development of the freshwater planarian Schmidtea polychroa0 aGerm layer specification and axial patterning in the embryonic d c2010//0 v3401 aMartin-Duran, J., M.1 aAmaya, E.1 aRomero, R. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.01.01800427nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006600041210006600107260001100173490000800184100001400192700001900206700001800225856005000243 2010 eng d00aHox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan0 aHox genes and regional patterning of the vertebrate body plan c2010//0 v3441 aMallo, M.1 aWellik, D., M.1 aDeschamps, J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.04.02400477nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001100222490000700233100001700240700002300257700001700280856004600297 2010 eng d00aAn outer arm Dynein conformational switch is required for metachronal synchrony of motile cilia in planaria0 aouter arm Dynein conformational switch is required for metachron c2010//0 v211 aRompolas, P.1 aPatel-King, R., S.1 aKing, S., M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E10-04-037300430nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260001100207490000800218100002000226700002100246856004100267 2010 eng d00aA planarian p53 homolog regulates proliferation and self-renewal in adult stem cell lineages0 aplanarian p53 homolog regulates proliferation and selfrenewal in c2010//0 v1371 aPearson, B., J.1 aAlvarado, A., S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.04429700442nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169260001100238490000800249100002300257856005200280 2010 eng d00aReplication of basal bodies during ciliogenesis in the epidermis of Prolecithophora and Lecithoepitheliata (Plathelminthes)0 aReplication of basal bodies during ciliogenesis in the epidermis c2010//0 v1401 aDrobysheva, I., M. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/163300438nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001100208490000600219100001800225700002200243856005100265 2010 eng d00aThe TALE class homeobox gene Smed-prep defines the anterior compartment for head regeneration0 aTALE class homeobox gene Smedprep defines the anterior compartme c2010//0 v61 aFelix, D., A.1 aAboobaker, A., A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.100091500438nas a2200145 4500008004100000245005700041210005700098260001100155490000800166100001600174700001500190700002100205700001600226856005000242 2009 eng d00aEstimating maximum likelihood phylogenies with PhyML0 aEstimating maximum likelihood phylogenies with PhyML c2009//0 v5371 aGuindon, S.1 aDelsuc, F.1 aDufayard, J., F.1 aGascuel, O. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-251-9_600539nas a2200169 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001100189490000800200100002000208700002400228700001900252700001700271700001900288700002100307856004100328 2009 eng d00aFormaldehyde-based whole-mount in situ hybridization method for planarians0 aFormaldehydebased wholemount in situ hybridization method for pl c2009//0 v2381 aPearson, B., J.1 aEisenhoffer, G., T.1 aGurley, K., A.1 aRink, J., C.1 aMiller, D., E.1 aAlvarado, A., S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvdy.2184900412nas a2200145 4500008004100000245004200041210004200083260001100125490000700136100001600143700001800159700002100177700002400198856004400222 2009 eng d00aFunction and specificity of Hox genes0 aFunction and specificity of Hox genes c2009//0 v531 aForonda, D.1 aNavas, L., F.1 aGaraulet, D., L.1 aSanchez-Herrero, E. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.072462df00619nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005400041210005000095260001100145490000800156100001700164700001700181700002000198700001900218700001900237700002200256700002200278700002000300700002000320700001900340856004200359 2009 eng d00aThe genome of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni0 agenome of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni c2009//0 v4601 aBerriman, M.1 aHaas, B., J.1 aLoVerde, P., T.1 aWilson, R., A.1 aDillon, G., P.1 aCerqueira, G., C.1 aMashiyama, S., T.1 aAl-Lazikani, B.1 aAndrade, L., F.1 aAshton, P., D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature0816000334nam a2200097 4500008004100000245004800041210004700089260003600136100001600172856004800188 2009 eng d00aggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis0 aggplot2 Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis aNew York, USAbSpringerc2009//1 aWickham, H. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-98141-300326nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004300041210004300084260001100127490000700138100001900145856005200164 2009 eng d00aHox genes and vertebrate axial pattern0 aHox genes and vertebrate axial pattern c2009//0 v881 aWellik, D., M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0070-2153(09)88009-500522nas a2200133 4500008004100000245016000041210006900201260001100270490000700281100001500288700002000303700001700323856004800340 2009 eng d00aHox genes in the parasitic platyhelminthes Mesocestoides corti, Echinococcus multilocularis, and Schistosoma mansoni: evidence for a reduced Hox complement0 aHox genes in the parasitic platyhelminthes Mesocestoides corti E c2009//0 v471 aKoziol, U.1 aLalanne, A., I.1 aCastillo, E. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10528-008-9210-600498nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260001100209490000800220100001700228700001900245700002000264700002200284856004600306 2009 eng d00aPlanarian Hh signaling regulates regeneration polarity and links Hh pathway evolution to cilia0 aPlanarian Hh signaling regulates regeneration polarity and links c2009//0 v3261 aRink, J., C.1 aGurley, K., A.1 aElliott, S., A.1 aAlvarado, Sanchez uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.117871200473nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001100233490000700244100001500251700001800266700001400284856004100298 2009 eng d00aPlanarians maintain a constant ratio of different cell types during changes in body size by using the stem cell system0 aPlanarians maintain a constant ratio of different cell types dur c2009//0 v261 aTakeda, H.1 aNishimura, K.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.26.80500422nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009100041210006900132260001100201490000800212100001500220700002300235856004200258 2008 eng d00aAcoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus0 aAcoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bil c2008//0 v4561 aHejnol, A.1 aMartindale, M., Q. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature0730902832nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245016400055210006900219260001300288300001100301490000700312520206900319653001402388653001202402653001402414653001902428653001302447653001502460653003102475100001402506700001802520856005202538 2008 eng d a0090-434100aAmeliorating effect of chloride on nitrite toxicity to freshwater invertebrates with different physiology: a comparative study between amphipods and planarians0 aAmeliorating effect of chloride on nitrite toxicity to freshwate c2008 Feb a259-650 v543 aHigh nitrite concentrations in freshwater ecosystems may cause toxicity to aquatic animals. These living organisms can take nitrite up from water through their chloride cells, subsequently suffering oxidation of their respiratory pigments (hemoglobin, hemocyanin). Because NO(2)(-) and Cl(-) ions compete for the same active transport site, elevated chloride concentrations in the aquatic environment have the potential of reducing nitrite toxicity. Although this ameliorating effect is well documented in fish, it has been largely ignored in wild freshwater invertebrates. The aim of this study was to compare the ameliorating effect of chloride on nitrite toxicity to two species of freshwater invertebrates differing in physiology: Eulimnogammarus toletanus (amphipods) and Polycelis felina (planarians). The former species presents gills (with chloride cells) and respiratory pigments, whereas in the latter species these are absent. Test animals were exposed in triplicate for 168 h to a single nitrite concentration (5 ppm NO(2)-N for E. toletanus and 100 ppm NO(2)-N for P. felina) at four different environmental chloride concentrations (27.8, 58.3, 85.3, and 108.0 ppm Cl(-)). The number of dead animals and the number of affected individuals (i.e., number of dead plus inactive invertebrates) were monitored every day. LT(50) (lethal time) and ET(50) (effective time) were estimated for each species and each chloride concentration. LT(50) and ET(50) values increased with increases in the environmental chloride concentration, mainly in amphipods. Results clearly show that the ameliorating effect of chloride on nitrite toxicity was more significant in amphipods than in planarians, likely because of the absence of gills (with chloride cells) and respiratory pigments in P. felina. Additionally, this comparative study indicates that the ecological risk assessment of nitrite in freshwater ecosystems should take into account not only the most sensitive and key species in the communities, but also chloride levels in the aquatic environment.
10aAmphipoda10aAnimals10aChlorides10aLethal Dose 5010aNitrites10aplanarians10aWater Pollutants, Chemical1 aAlonso, A1 aCamargo, J, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172000463nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260001100207490000800218100001900226700001700245700002100262856004600283 2008 eng d00aBeta-catenin defines head versus tail identity during planarian regeneration and homeostasis0 aBetacatenin defines head versus tail identity during planarian r c2008//0 v3191 aGurley, K., A.1 aRink, J., C.1 aAlvarado, A., S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.115002900561nas a2200169 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260001100221490000700232100001800239700001700257700001400274700001600288700001800304700001800322856005100340 2008 eng d00aCharacterization of tyramine beta-hydroxylase in planarian Dugesia japonica: cloning and expression0 aCharacterization of tyramine betahydroxylase in planarian iDuges c2008//0 v531 aNishimura, K.1 aKitamura, Y.1 aInoue, T.1 aUmesono, Y.1 aYoshimoto, K.1 aTaniguchi, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2008.09.00600328nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004500041210004300086260001100129490000800140100002100148856004900169 2008 eng d00aEvo-devo: variations on ancestral themes0 aEvodevo variations on ancestral themes c2008//0 v1321 aRobertis, E., M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.00301608nas a2200145 4500008004100000020001400041245007900055210006900134260004900203300001200252490000700264520110100271100002301372856006701395 2008 eng d a0097-029800aFreshwater Triclad Planarians (Turbellaria) from Plummers Island, Maryland0 aFreshwater Triclad Planarians Turbellaria from Plummers Island M bBiological Society of Washingtonc2008/05/01 a11 - 120 v153 aFive species of freshwater triclad planarians were found on Plummers Island and the adjacent mainland property, Montgomery County, Maryland. One species (Dugesia [G.] tigrina) occupying the Potomac River and a tributary, is tolerant of degraded habitat. The other four occupy vernal pools (Hymanella retenuova and Phagocata velata) or spring-seeps (Phagocata morgani and Paraplanaria dactyligera) and appear to be indicators of high quality aquatic habitat. These five species represent 36% of the total known Maryland fauna of 14 species.ABSTRACT Five species of freshwater triclad planarians were found on Plummers Island and the adjacent mainland property, Montgomery County, Maryland. One species (Dugesia [G.] tigrina) occupying the Potomac River and a tributary, is tolerant of degraded habitat. The other four occupy vernal pools (Hymanella retenuova and Phagocata velata) or spring-seeps (Phagocata morgani and Paraplanaria dactyligera) and appear to be indicators of high quality aquatic habitat. These five species represent 36% of the total known Maryland fauna of 14 species.
1 aNorden, Arnold, W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2988/0097-0298(2008)15[11:FTPTFP]2.0.CO;200401nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005100041210005000092260001100142490000700153100001800160700001400178700002000192856005500212 2008 eng d00aHomeoDB: a database of homeobox gene diversity0 aHomeoDB a database of homeobox gene diversity c2008//0 v101 aZhong, Y., F.1 aButts, T.1 aHolland, P., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2008.00266.x00413nas a2200109 4500008004100000245010600041210006900147260001100216490000700227100001800234856005100252 2008 eng d00aHox genes and the parasitic flatworms: new opportunities, challenges and lessons from the free-living0 aHox genes and the parasitic flatworms new opportunities challeng c2008//0 v571 aOlson, P., D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parint.2007.09.00700591nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260001100244490000800255100001800263700001700281700001600298700001700314700001500331700001800346856005700364 2008 eng d00aIdentification of glutamic acid decarboxylase gene and distribution of GABAergic nervous system in the planarian Dugesia japonica0 aIdentification of glutamic acid decarboxylase gene and distribut c2008//0 v1531 aNishimura, K.1 aKitamura, Y.1 aUmesono, Y.1 aTakeuchi, K.1 aTakata, K.1 aTaniguchi, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.02600471nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125260001100194490000800205100001700213700002700230700001300257700001400270856004100284 2008 eng d00aSilencing of Smed-betacatenin1 generates radial-like hypercephalized planarians0 aSilencing of Smedbetacatenin1 generates radiallike hypercephaliz c2008//0 v1351 aIglesias, M.1 aGomez-Skarmeta, J., L.1 aSalo, E.1 aAdell, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.02028900437nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260001100209490000800220100002100228700002000249856004600269 2008 eng d00aSmed-betacatenin-1 is required for anteroposterior blastema polarity in planarian regeneration0 aSmedbetacatenin1 is required for anteroposterior blastema polari c2008//0 v3191 aPetersen, C., P.1 aReddien, P., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.114994300405nas a2200133 4500008004100000245005500041210005400096260001100150490000700161100001700168700001300185700002100198856005200219 2008 eng d00aSmedGD: the Schmidtea mediterranea genome database0 aSmedGD the Schmidtea mediterranea genome database c2008//0 v361 aRobb, S., M.1 aRoss, E.1 aAlvarado, A., S. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/160400498nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164260001100233490000800244100001400252700001600266700001600282700001400298856004000312 2007 eng d00aClathrin-mediated endocytic signals are required for the regeneration of, as well as homeostasis in, the planarian CNS0 aClathrinmediated endocytic signals are required for the regenera c2007//0 v1341 aInoue, T.1 aHayashi, T.1 aTakechi, K.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.0283500703nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001100242490000800253100001700261700001800278700001700296700001700313700001700330700002200347700002500369700001500394700001500409700001300424856004800437 2007 eng d00aHox gene expression in larval development of the polychaetes Nereis virens and Platynereis dumerilii (Annelida, Lophotrochozoa)0 aHox gene expression in larval development of the polychaetes Ner c2007//0 v2171 aKulakova, M.1 aBakalenko, N.1 aNovikova, E.1 aCook, C., E.1 aEliseeva, E.1 aSteinmetz, P., R.1 aKostyuchenko, R., P.1 aDondua, A.1 aArendt, D.1 aAkam, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-006-0119-y00473nas a2200145 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001100199490000800210100001300218700001800231700001200249700002000261856004600281 2007 eng d00aNanos function is essential for development and regeneration of planarian germ cells0 aNanos function is essential for development and regeneration of c2007//0 v1041 aWang, Y.1 aZayas, R., M.1 aGuo, T.1 aNewmark, P., A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.060970810401988nas a2200169 4500008004100000020002300041245017300064210006900237260003100306300001400337490000600351520135300357100002101710700002301731700002401754856004001778 2007 eng d a15287092, 1938541200aNatural History Observations on Bipalium cf. vagum Jones and Sterrer (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida), a Terrestrial Broadhead Planarian New to North America0 aNatural History Observations on iBipaliumi cf ivagumi Jones and bEagle Hill Institutec2007 a - 4604490 v63 aAn increasing number of exotic terrestrial planarian species have established populations worldwide. In North America, the most prominent invasive flatworms are three members of the broadhead planarian genus Bipalium. Herein we report observations on the morphology, predatory behavior, and reproduction of Bipalium cf. vagum, new to this continent and report its occurrence in Florida and Texas. Individuals of this species have a distinctive combination of head shape and pattern of dark dorsal pigmentation (large head spots, complete collar, and prominent median stripe) that distinguishes them from other members of the genus. Although the other North American species of Bipalium feed on earthworms, B. cf. vagum feeds exclusively on terrestrial mollusks. Their predatory behavior includes following mucus trails and subduing the prey by capping the prey's head with the flatworm's anterior end and wrapping the prey's foot in the body of the planarian. Members of this species reproduce via egg capsules that contain small numbers of offspring. Because this is the first land planarian reported in North America that is a predator of mollusks, native land snails and slugs are unlikely to have effective defenses against it. Therefore, we should continue to monitor its geographic spread and potential ecological impact.
1 aDucey, Peter, K.1 aMcCormick, Matthew1 aDavidson, Elizabeth uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/454104000466nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168260001100237490000800248100002700256700001300283856004800296 2007 eng d00aThe planarian nanos-like gene Smednos is expressed in germline and eye precursor cells during development and regeneration0 aplanarian nanoslike gene Smednos is expressed in germline and ey c2007//0 v2171 aHandberg-Thorsager, M.1 aSalo, E. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-007-0146-300534nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140260001100209490000700220100001800227700001700245700001400262700001600276700001300292700001800305856004100323 2007 eng d00aReconstruction of dopaminergic neural network and locomotion function in planarian regenerates0 aReconstruction of dopaminergic neural network and locomotion fun c2007//0 v671 aNishimura, K.1 aKitamura, Y.1 aInoue, T.1 aUmesono, Y.1 aSano, S.1 aYoshimoto, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dneu.2037700371nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007000041210006800111260001100179490000800190100001500198856004800213 2007 eng d00aRegenerating the central nervous system: how easy for planarians!0 aRegenerating the central nervous system how easy for planarians c2007//0 v2171 aCebria, F. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427-007-0188-600629nas a2200169 4500008004100000245018200041210006900223260001100292490000700303100001500310700002000325700001400345700001400359700001700373700001400390856005500404 2007 eng d00aRegeneration-dependent conditional gene knockdown (Readyknock) in planarian: demonstration of requirement for Djsnap-25 expression in the brain for negative phototactic behavior0 aRegenerationdependent conditional gene knockdown Readyknock in p c2007//0 v491 aTakano, T.1 aPulvers, J., N.1 aInoue, T.1 aTarui, H.1 aSakamoto, H.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-169X.2007.00936.x00309nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004300041210003900084260001100123490000800134100001600142856004100158 2007 eng d00aThe rise and fall of Hox gene clusters0 arise and fall of Hox gene clusters c2007//0 v1341 aDuboule, D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.00106500464nas a2200181 4500008004100000245002900041210002900070260001100099490000800110100001400118700001200132700002000144700001600164700001800180700001800198700001700216856004900233 2006 eng d00aFlies without centrioles0 aFlies without centrioles c2006//0 v1251 aBasto, R.1 aLau, J.1 aVinogradova, T.1 aGardiol, A.1 aWoods, C., G.1 aKhodjakov, A.1 aRaff, J., W. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.05.02500340nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005500041210005300096260001100149490000700160100001500167856004800182 2006 eng d00aHox genes: a continuation of embryonic patterning?0 aHox genes a continuation of embryonic patterning c2006//0 v221 aMorgan, R. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2005.11.00400337nas a2200121 4500008004100000245003800041210003800079260001100117490000600128100002100134700002000155856004000175 2006 eng d00aHox genes are not always colinear0 aHox genes are not always colinear c2006//0 v21 aMonteiro, A., S.1 aFerrier, D., E. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.2.9502247nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245005800055210005700113260000900170300001000179490000700189520167600196653001201872653001501884653002101899100002401920700002201944700002301966856005201989 2006 eng d a0015-549700aResistance of two planarian species to UV-irradiation0 aResistance of two planarian species to UVirradiation c2006 a103-80 v543 aThe aim of this work was to determine the effects of 20, 25 and 30 minute UV-irradiation periods lambda = 253.5 nm to two planarian species Dugesia tigrina (Gir.) and Polycelis felina (Daly.). In vivo, UV light effects have been reported to affect intracellular receptors and disrupt simple behaviour. The effects of UV-rays on mortality and behavior as well as morphological, cytological and histological changes in the two planarian species were assessed, and the course and the dynamics of regenerative processes were compared between them. Experimental populations of Dugesia tigrina and Polycelis felina species were maintained in laboratory conditions at room temperature. Mortality, behavioral and morphological changes were monitored daily by means of a light stereomicroscope. For cytological and histopathological analysis, planarians were fixed in Bouine fixative on the first, second, third, fifth and seventh day after exposure to UV-irradiation, respectively. They were embedded in paraffin, cut on a microtome, stained with toluidin blue and embedded in Canada-balsam. UV-rays caused mortality, behavioral, morphological, cytological and histological changes in each planarian species. In regeneration of damaged body parts reticular cells and neoblasts played the main role. Neoblasts as totipotent cells extremely increased in number in the area of damaged tissue, immediately after UV-exposure. Dugesia tigrina was more sensitive to UV-rays than Polycelis felina due to possession of less pigmented cells. The course of regeneration in both species was similar. Most individuals of both species regenerated in 5 to 12 days after UV-irradiation.
10aAnimals10aplanarians10aUltraviolet Rays1 aKalafatić, Mirjana1 aKovacević, Goran1 aFranjević, Damjan uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171900551nas a2200157 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175260001100244490000700255100001600262700001400278700001500292700001400307700001700321856005500338 2006 eng d00aStructure and function of primitive immunoglobulin superfamily neural cell adhesion molecules: a lesson from studies on planarian0 aStructure and function of primitive immunoglobulin superfamily n c2006//0 v111 aFusaoka, E.1 aInoue, T.1 aMineta, K.1 aAgata, K.1 aTakeuchi, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2443.2006.00962.x01830nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245007000055210006900125260001300194300000900207490000700216520113500223653001401358653001201372653001901384653001301403653001501416653001101431653001001442653003101452100001901483700002201502856005201524 2006 eng d a1520-408100aToxicity of nitrite to three species of freshwater invertebrates.0 aToxicity of nitrite to three species of freshwater invertebrates c2006 Feb a90-40 v213 aNitrite is a compound with a high toxicity to aquatic animals. Several anthropogenic pollution sources are increasing the concentrations of this component of the nitrogen cycle. Despite this toxicity, there is little available literature on its effects on freshwater invertebrates. Laboratory bioassays were performed to obtain data on the lethal effects of nitrite to three species of freshwater invertebrates: the planarian Polycelis felina and the amphipods Echinogammarus echinosetosus and Eulimnogammarus toletanus. The LC(50), LC(10), and LC(0.01) values (mg/L NO(2)--N) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were calculated for each species. E. toletanus and E. echinosetosus were the most sensitive species, with 96 h LC(50) values of 2.09 and 2.59 mg/L NO(2)--N, respectively. In contrast, the planarian P. felina showed a higher tolerance to nitrite, with a 96 h LC(50) value of 60.0 mg/L NO(2)--N. The obtained results were compared with the reported nitrite data for other freshwater invertebrates. This study may contribute to a more appropriate assessment of the ecological risk of this compound in freshwater ecosystems.
10aAmphipoda10aAnimals10aLethal Dose 5010aNitrites10aplanarians10aRivers10aSpain10aWater Pollutants, Chemical1 aAlonso, Alvaro1 aCamargo, Julio, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171800375nas a2200121 4500008004100000245005900041210005900100260001100159490000700170100001400177700001400191856004800205 2005 eng d00aHox clusters as models for vertebrate genome evolution0 aHox clusters as models for vertebrate genome evolution c2005//0 v211 aHoegg, S.1 aMeyer, A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2005.06.00400580nas a2200157 4500008004100000245014000041210006900181260001100250490000600261100002000267700002100287700002000308700002100328700002200349856005100371 2005 eng d00aIdentification of genes needed for regeneration, stem cell function, and tissue homeostasis by systematic gene perturbation in planaria0 aIdentification of genes needed for regeneration stem cell functi c2005//0 v81 aReddien, P., W.1 aBermange, A., L.1 aMurfitt, K., J.1 aJennings, J., R.1 aAlvarado, Sanchez uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.devcel.2005.02.01400428nas a2200133 4500008004100000245007800041210006900119260001100188490000700199100001600206700001700222700001400239856004100253 2005 eng d00aNeural projections in planarian brain revealed by fluorescent dye tracing0 aNeural projections in planarian brain revealed by fluorescent dy c2005//0 v221 aOkamoto, K.1 aTakeuchi, K.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.22.53503033nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245012800055210006900183260001600252300001100268490000700279520209300286653001202379653001602391653001202407653001502419653003702434653001502471653002802486653001502514653001402529653001502543653001602558653001702574100001402591700001802605700001402623700001802637856005202655 2005 eng d a0166-445X00aToxicity testing of herbicide norflurazon on an aquatic bioindicator species--the planarian Polycelis felina (Daly.)0 aToxicity testing of herbicide norflurazon on an aquatic bioindic c2005 Jul 30 a342-520 v733 aNorflurazon is a bleaching, preemergence herbicide. Due to its mobility and long half-life it presents a potential for groundwater contamination. The aim of our study was to investigate toxic effects of norflurazon on non-targeted aquatic bioindicator organism, the planarian Polycelis felina (Daly.). Animals were exposed to water solutions of norflurazon in concentrations 200, 20, 2 and 0.2 microM. Mortality, locomotive and morphological changes were monitored. Histological changes were studied both on treated and control animals with light microscopy. The primary DNA damage on single planarian cells was studied using the alkaline comet assay. Three comet parameters were studied: tail length, percentage of DNA in comet tail and tail moment. The results showed that norflurazon caused mortality, locomotive, morphological and histological changes in treated animals compared to corresponding controls. The most prominent histological changes were damage of the outer mucous layer, lack of rhabdites, damage to epidermis and extensive damage to parenchyma cells. The results of alkaline comet assay indicated that norflurazon in concentrations of 2 and 0.2 microM induces significant increase of primary DNA damage in planarian cells compared to the corresponding control animals. The mean values of all three measured parameters were significantly elevated on the fourth day of the treatment compared with the first and the seventh day. Based on the results of mortality and locomotive observations, we conclude that the fourth day of the treatment represents a certain threshold within planarian metabolism followed by the beginning of detoxification and recovery. However, histological preparations and comet data statistics show results indicating that high toxicity on the seventh day of the treatment gave the results of decrease of DNA damage due to the tissue/cell damage (apoptosis) and not recovery. The present study showed the ability of norflurazon to induce a wide range of different toxicological responses in freshwater planarian Polycelis felina (Daly.).
10aAnimals10aComet Assay10aCroatia10aDNA Damage10aDose-Response Relationship, Drug10aHerbicides10aHistological Techniques10aLocomotion10aMortality10aplanarians10aPyridazines10aTime Factors1 aHorvat, T1 aKalafatić, M1 aKopjar, N1 aKovacević, G uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171700459nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007300041210006800114260001100182490000600193100001700199700001600216700001300232700001300245856005500258 2004 eng d00aThe Hox gene complement of acoel flatworms, a basal bilaterian clade0 aHox gene complement of acoel flatworms a basal bilaterian clade c2004//0 v61 aCook, C., E.1 aJimenez, E.1 aAkam, M.1 aSalo, E. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-142X.2004.04020.x02708nas a2200397 4500008004100000022001400041245014900055210006900204260001300273300001100286490000700297520155200304653001201856653002101868653002201889653001801911653002701929653001201956653003701968653003302005653001102038653001602049653001202065653001802077653001402095653002302109653001502132653001702147653001302164653001302177653001702190100001802207700001402225700001902239856005202258 2004 eng d a0887-233300aThe impairments of neoblast division in regenerating planarian Polycelis felina (Daly.) caused by in vitro treatment with cadmium sulfate0 aimpairments of neoblast division in regenerating planarian iPoly c2004 Feb a99-1070 v183 aThe effects of cadmium sulfate on the neoblast mitotic activity in regenerating planarian Polycelis felina (Daly.) were investigated. Mitotic abnormalities and chromosomal aberrations were evaluated after 6-h treatment and 24-h recovery period. The blastema were fixed, and examined cytologically through routine lactoorceine squash preparations. Mitotic indices were also determined. Cadmium sulfate induced a dose-dependent decrease in neoblast mitotic activity, accompanied with disturbances in distribution of cells over mitotic phases. Different cytological abnormalities with varying frequency were observed. Marked mitotic depression was concentration-dependent. Toxic effects of cadmium in regenerating planarian were mainly associated with mitotic spindle disturbances. Immediately after treatment mitotic abnormalities were prevalent over chromosomal and C-mitosis was the most prominent one. After 24-h recovery period a prevalence of mitotic over chromosomal aberrations was still present in animals treated with two higher concentrations of cadmium sulfate. However, the proportions of cells with chromosome stickiness in all treated animals were significantly increased compared to their post-treatment values. Observed mitotic impairments could be related to mitotic arrest contributing to retardations and delays, especially in animals treated with the highest concentration tested. The results obtained indicated usefulness of short term invertebrate assays as an alternative to in vitro pre-screening of toxic chemicals.
10aAnimals10aBiological Assay10aCadmium Compounds10aCell Division10aChromosome Aberrations10aCroatia10aDose-Response Relationship, Drug10aDrug Evaluation, Preclinical10aFemale10aForecasting10aMitosis10aMitotic Index10aMortality10aOxygen Consumption10aplanarians10aregeneration10aSulfates10aSurvival10aTime Factors1 aKalafatić, M1 aKopjar, N1 aBesendorfer, V uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171501487nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245011200055210006900167260000900236300001000245490000700255520065000262653001200912653001600924653001200940653001400952653001600966653001500982653002400997100002401021700002001045700001801065700001701083700002201100700002301122856005201145 2004 eng d a0015-549700aKaryological analysis of two allopatric populations of planarian Polycelis felina (Daly.) in Croatia0 aKaryological analysis of two allopatric populations of planarian c2004 a131-30 v523 aThe results of preliminary karyological investigations of two geographically distant and morphologically slightly different Polycelis felina (Daly.) populations from central Croatia are reported. The results have shown that individuals of both populations are diploids, with the same chromosome number in their neoblasts (2n=18). Their karyotypes were composed of nine chromosome pairs, three of them are metacentric and the other six are submetacentric. Statistical evaluation of data indicated that both populations of Polycelis felina (Daly.), despite minor differences observed between them, belong to the same karyological biotype.
10aAnimals10aChromosomes10aCroatia10aGeography10aKaryotyping10aplanarians10aSpecies Specificity1 aKalafatić, Mirjana1 aKopjar, Nevenka1 aZrna, Gordana1 aZupan, Irina1 aKovacević, Goran1 aFranjević, Damjan uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171600542nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001100214490000700225100001400232700001700246700001600263700001600279700001400295700002200309856004100331 2004 eng d00aMorphological and functional recovery of the planarian photosensing system during head regeneration0 aMorphological and functional recovery of the planarian photosens c2004//0 v211 aInoue, T.1 aKumamoto, H.1 aOkamoto, K.1 aUmesono, Y.1 aSakai, M.1 aAlvarado, Sanchez uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.21.27501699nas a2200277 4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181260000900250300001000259490000700269520086900276653001201145653001201157653001101169653002201180653002501202653001901227653001701246100002001263700002501283700002301308700001601331700002201347856005201369 2003 eng d a0015-549700aGenetic differences among several species of Tricladida from the relict Lake Ohrid as revealed by enzyme electrophoresis.0 aGenetic differences among several species of Tricladida from the c2003 a105-90 v513 aSix endemic and two widely distributed species living in Lake Ohrid were studied. In general, these hermaphroditic animals displayed no signs of departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genetic variation in all but one of the endemic species was of the same extent as that in geographically wide ranging invertebrates. On the other hand, the Lake Ohrid population of the common European species Dendrocoelum lacteum was monomorphic at all loci examined. D. sanctinaumi, one of the endemic species, exhibited a clear genetic subdivision into spring and littoral subpopulations. The genetic differentiation of Crenobia alpina alpina and C. a. montenigrina proved commensurable to that of well separated species from other genera. The data suggest that the separation of particular lineages in the set of Lake Ohrid endemics was widely dispersed over time.
10aAnimals10aEnzymes10aEurope10aGenetic Variation10aGenetics, Population10aPlatyhelminths10aWater Supply1 aSywula, Tadeusz1 aKrstanovski, Zdravko1 aTasevska, Orhideja1 aSell, Jerzy1 aKretowicz, Tomasz uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/187600409nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006700041210006700108260001100175490000700186100002200193700002000215856005200235 2003 eng d00aHox gene loss during dynamic evolution of the nematode cluster0 aHox gene loss during dynamic evolution of the nematode cluster c2003//0 v131 aAboobaker, A., A.1 aBlaxter, M., L. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01399-400496nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001100208490000800219100002000227700002000247700001500267700002200282856004600304 2003 eng d00aIngestion of bacterially expressed double-stranded RNA inhibits gene expression in planarians0 aIngestion of bacterially expressed doublestranded RNA inhibits g c2003//0 v1001 aNewmark, P., A.1 aReddien, P., W.1 aCebria, F.1 aAlvarado, Sanchez uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.183420510000624nas a2200157 4500008004100000245017600041210006900217300001100286490000700297100002400304700003000328700002000358700002200378700001900400856004700419 2003 eng d00aMiscellaneous Papers on Turbellarians. II. Additions and corrections of the previous land planarian indices of the world (Turbellaria, Seriata, Tricladida, Terricola) - 110 aMiscellaneous Papers on Turbellarians II Additions and correctio a89-1140 v411 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aFroehlich, Eudoxia, Maria1 aJones, Hugh, D.1 aOgren, Robert, E.1 aSasaki, Gen-Yu uhttp://planarian.net/db/lpindex/ix2003.pdf00405nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006600041210006500107260001100172490000700183100001700190700002400207856005200231 2003 eng d00aMrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models0 aMrBayes 3 Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models c2003//0 v191 aRonquist, F.1 aHuelsenbeck, J., P. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg18000475nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140100003400209700002000243700002000263700001800283856005200301 2003 eng d00aProposal for the sequencing of a new target genome: white paper for a planarian genome project0 aProposal for the sequencing of a new target genome white paper f1 aAlvarado, Alejandro, Sánchez1 aReddien, P., W.1 aNewmark, P., A.1 aNusbaum, Chad uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/160500534nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008800041210006900129260001100198490000800209100002100217700002200238700001400260700001800274700001700292700001300309856004200322 2003 eng d00aProteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein correlation profiling0 aProteomic characterization of the human centrosome by protein co c2003//0 v4261 aAndersen, J., S.1 aWilkinson, C., J.1 aMayor, T.1 aMortensen, P.1 aNigg, E., A.1 aMann, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature0216600528nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260001100205490000700216100001700223700001500240700001500255700001300270700001400283700001700297856004400314 2003 eng d00aSearch for the evolutionary origin of a brain: planarian brain characterized by microarray0 aSearch for the evolutionary origin of a brain planarian brain ch c2003//0 v201 aNakazawa, M.1 aCebria, F.1 aMineta, K.1 aIkeo, K.1 aAgata, K.1 aGojobori, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msg08601702nas a2200253 4500008004100000020001400041245010100055210006900156260001400225300001400239490000700253520093600260653002201196653002501218653001801243653001901261653001901280653001401299100001901313700001701332700001201349700001601361856007101377 2003 eng d a0040-816600aSerotonin in the nervous system of the head region of the land planarian Bipalium kewense0 aSerotonin in the nervous system of the head region of the land p c2003/12// a479 - 4860 v353 aThe presence and distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) in the head region of the land planarian Bipalium kewense has been investigated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique combined with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), and also by immunogold labeling at ultrastructural level. Serotonin immunoreactivity (IR) was restricted to elements of the nervous system, such as the cerebral ganglion, and the peripheral nerve net. Most of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons are at the periphery of the brain; they were identified as unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. The ultrastructural results using immunogold labeling confirm the location of 5-HT within electron-dense vesicles (50–120 nm in diameter), clustered both in the cell bodies and in their processes. The intense 5-HT-IR herein demonstrated for B. kewense adds new data to the poorly studied nervous system of land planarians.
10aCephalic ganglion10aImmunohistochemistry10aLand planaria10aNervous system10aPlathelminthes10aSerotonin1 aFernandes, M.C1 aAlvares, E.P1 aGama, P1 aSilveira, M uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004081660300074000510nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138260001100207490000800218100002100226700002500247700002100272700001900293856005200312 2002 eng d00aThe abdominal-B-like gene expression during larval development of Nereis virens (polychaeta)0 aabdominalBlike gene expression during larval development of Nere c2002//0 v1151 aKulakova, M., A.1 aKostyuchenko, R., P.1 aAndreeva, T., F.1 aDondua, A., K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4773(02)00113-200548nas a2200169 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145260001100214490000700225100001500232700001700247700001500264700001300279700001700292700001400309856005500323 2002 eng d00aDissecting planarian central nervous system regeneration by the expression of neural-specific genes0 aDissecting planarian central nervous system regeneration by the c2002//0 v441 aCebria, F.1 aNakazawa, M.1 aMineta, K.1 aIkeo, K.1 aGojobori, T.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169x.2002.00629.x00482nas a2200157 4500008004100000245006300041210006200104260001100166490000700177100002000184700002400204700001900228700001600247700001500263856004600278 2002 eng d00aEpsilon-tubulin is an essential component of the centriole0 aEpsilontubulin is an essential component of the centriole c2002//0 v131 aDutcher, S., K.1 aMorrissette, N., S.1 aPreble, A., M.1 aRackley, C.1 aStanga, J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E02-04-020500575nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173260001100242490000800253100001500261700001500276700001700291700001500308700001300323700001700336856005200353 2002 eng d00aThe expression of neural-specific genes reveals the structural and molecular complexity of the planarian central nervous system0 aexpression of neuralspecific genes reveals the structural and mo c2002//0 v1161 aCebria, F.1 aKudome, T.1 aNakazawa, M.1 aMineta, K.1 aIkeo, K.1 aGojobori, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4773(02)00134-X03238nas a2200385 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001600247300001000263490000800273520205700281653002402338653001202362653001802374653002302392653002002415653002202435653001202457653002802469653001902497653001902516653002202535653001502557653005202572653002702624653003402651100002102685700002002706700002102726700001702747700001602764700002002780856005202800 2002 eng d a0021-996700aGene organization and expression of a neuropeptide Y homolog from the land planarian Arthurdendyus triangulatus0 aGene organization and expression of a neuropeptide Y homolog fro c2002 Dec 02 a58-640 v4543 aNeuropeptide Y is one of the most widespread regulatory peptides within the vertebrate nervous system and shares the C-terminal motif [FY]-x(3)-[LIVM]-x(2)-Y-x(3)-[LIVMFY]-x-R-x-R-[YF] with pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, and fish pancreatic peptide Y. All four peptides are believed to have arisen from a single ancestral gene through successive gene duplication events in vertebrates. The origin of this peptide family may date back further still; similarly sized peptide transmitters with an identical C-terminal motif have been identified in molluscs and flatworms and designated neuropeptide F (NPF). Cloning of the npf gene from the parasitic flatworm Moniezia expansa identified some unusual features within the peptide precursor organization but, at the same time, provided support for an evolutionary relationship of npf and npy genes through the presence of a single intron at a conserved position. To extend the analysis of the evolutionary relationships between invertebrate NPF and vertebrate NPY family peptides, the NPF precursor from the turbellarian Arthurdendyus triangulatus was characterized. Sequence analysis revealed the npf transcript to be 362 base pairs in length encoding a single open reading frame of 81 amino acids. The precursor comprises a signal peptide followed by the mature peptide of 36 amino acids in length, terminating in the typical invertebrate GRPRF motif, followed by a carboxyterminal glycyl extension. The NPF precursor of A. triangulatus shows significant similarities to the vertebrate NPY peptides. Indeed, the N-terminus of A. triangulatus prepro-NPF corresponds more closely to that of the vertebrate peptide homologs than to that of other invertebrate NPFs isolated to date. Immunocytochemical localization studies have demonstrated NPF immunoreactivity throughout the nervous system of A. triangulatus, particularly in association with muscular structures. The data support an early evolutionary origin for this peptide transmitter family within the nervous system of basal bilaterians.
10aAmino Acid Sequence10aAnimals10aBase Sequence10aDNA, Complementary10aGenomic Library10aHelminth Proteins10aIntrons10aMolecular Sequence Data10aNervous system10aNeuropeptide Y10aOrgan Specificity10aplanarians10aReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction10aSequence Analysis, DNA10aSequence Homology, Amino Acid1 aDougan, Paula, M1 aMair, Gunnar, R1 aHalton, David, W1 aCurry, James1 aDay, Tim, A1 aMaule, Aaron, G uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/173800376nas a2200133 4500008004100000245004200041210004200083260001100125490000700136100001800143700001300161700001600174856005200190 2002 eng d00aHox clusters and bilaterian phylogeny0 aHox clusters and bilaterian phylogeny c2002//0 v241 aBalavoine, G.1 aRosa, R.1 aAdoutte, A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00237-300392nas a2200121 4500008004100000245005900041210005900100260001100159490000600170100001900176700002000195856005500215 2002 eng d00aHox genes and the evolution of the arthropod body plan0 aHox genes and the evolution of the arthropod body plan c2002//0 v41 aHughes, C., L.1 aKaufman, T., C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-142X.2002.02034.x00643nas a2200205 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149260001100218490000700229100001800236700001600254700001700270700001500287700001700302700001300319700002200332700002000354700001800374856004500392 2002 eng d00aHOX genes in the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes: implications for the evolution of complex body plans0 aHOX genes in the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes implications f c2002//0 v991 aCallaerts, P.1 aLee, P., N.1 aHartmann, B.1 aFarfan, C.1 aChoy, D., W.1 aIkeo, K.1 aFischbach, K., F.1 aGehring, W., J.1 aCouet, H., G. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.04268389900516nas a2200145 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260001100239490000800250100002100258700002000279700001700299700001400316856004000330 2002 eng d00aThe Schmidtea mediterranea database as a molecular resource for studying platyhelminthes, stem cells and regeneration0 aiSchmidtea mediterraneai database as a molecular resource for st c2002//0 v1291 aAlvarado, A., S.1 aNewmark, P., A.1 aRobb, S., M.1 aJuste, R. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.0016700416nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001100199490000600210100002000216700002100236856003700257 2002 eng d00aNot your father’s planarian: a classic model enters the era of functional genomics0 aNot your father s planarian a classic model enters the era of fu c2002//0 v31 aNewmark, P., A.1 aAlvarado, A., S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg75900417nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001100199490000600210100002000216700002200236856003700258 2002 eng d00aNot your father’s planarian: a classic model enters the era of functional genomics0 aNot your father s planarian a classic model enters the era of fu c2002//0 v31 aNewmark, P., A.1 aAlvarado, Sanchez uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrg75900436nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260001100211490000700222100001300229700001700242856005500259 2001 eng d00aPosition-specific and non-colinear expression of the planarian posterior (Abdominal-B-like) gene0 aPositionspecific and noncolinear expression of the planarian pos c2001//0 v431 aNogi, T.1 aWatanabe, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.2001.00564.x00451nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006700041210006700108260003900175100002000214700002600234700001700260856005200277 2001 eng d00aSpermatozoa as phylogenetic characters for the Platyhelminthes0 aSpermatozoa as phylogenetic characters for the Platyhelminthes aLondonbTaylor and Francisc2001//1 aJustine, J., L.1 aLittlewood, D., T. J.1 aBray, R., A. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/163800380nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007200041210006600113260001100179490000700190100002100197856005200218 2000 eng d00aThe hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3 or FOXA) family in metabolism0 ahepatocyte nuclear factor 3 HNF3 or FOXA family in metabolism c2000//0 v111 aKaestner, K., H. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1043-2760(00)00271-X00525nas a2200145 4500008004100000245015200041210006900193260001100262490000700273100001400280700001400294700001300308700001700321856004100338 2000 eng d00aOrganization and regeneration ability of spontaneous supernumerary eyes in planarians -eye regeneration field and pathway selection by optic nerves0 aOrganization and regeneration ability of spontaneous supernumera c2000//0 v171 aSakai, F.1 aAgata, K.1 aOrii, H.1 aWatanabe, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.17.60900480nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001100200490000800211100001600219700001600235700001700251700001400268856005200282 2000 eng d00aPlanaria FoxA (HNF3) homologue is specifically expressed in the pharynx-forming cells0 aPlanaria FoxA HNF3 homologue is specifically expressed in the ph c2000//0 v2591 aKoinuma, S.1 aUmesono, Y.1 aWatanabe, K.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1119(00)00426-100465nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143260001100212490000700223100001400230700001600244700001400260856005700274 1999 eng d00aAbsorption spectra of planarian visual pigments and two states of the metarhodopsin intermediates0 aAbsorption spectra of planarian visual pigments and two states o c1999//0 v691 aAzuma, K.1 aIwasaki, N.1 aOhtsu, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1999.tb05312.x00523nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131260001100200490000800211100002000219700001600239700002300255700002000278700001500298856005200313 1999 eng d00aAcoel flatworms: earliest extant bilaterian metazoans, not members of Platyhelminthes0 aAcoel flatworms earliest extant bilaterian metazoans not members c1999//0 v2831 aRuiz-Trillo, I.1 aRiutort, M.1 aLittlewood, D., T.1 aHerniou, E., A.1 aBaguna, J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5409.191900478nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260001100234490000800245100001600253700001700269700001400286856004400300 1999 eng d00aDistinct structural domains in the planarian brain defined by the expression of evolutionarily conserved homeobox genes0 aDistinct structural domains in the planarian brain defined by th c1999//0 v2091 aUmesono, Y.1 aWatanabe, K.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00427005022400429nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001100202490000700213100002200220700002000242856004500262 1999 eng d00aDouble-stranded RNA specifically disrupts gene expression during planarian regeneration0 aDoublestranded RNA specifically disrupts gene expression during c1999//0 v961 aAlvarado, Sanchez1 aNewmark, P., A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.96.9.504900562nas a2200193 4500008004100000245006900041210006900110260001100179490000800190100001300198700002000211700001700231700001700248700001600265700001300281700002000294700001800314856003600332 1999 eng d00aHox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution0 aHox genes in brachiopods and priapulids and protostome evolution c1999//0 v3991 aRosa, R.1 aGrenier, J., K.1 aAndreeva, T.1 aCook, C., E.1 aAdoutte, A.1 aAkam, M.1 aCarroll, S., B.1 aBalavoine, G. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2163100535nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009800041210006900139260001100208490000800219100001500227700001700242700001300259700001700272700001700289700001400306856004500320 1999 eng d00aNeural network in planarian revealed by an antibody against planarian synaptotagmin homologue0 aNeural network in planarian revealed by an antibody against plan c1999//0 v2601 aTazaki, A.1 aGaudieri, S.1 aIkeo, K.1 aGojobori, T.1 aWatanabe, K.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.1999.093300522nas a2200169 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001100199490000800210100001300218700001300231700001600244700001600260700001400276700001700290856004500307 1999 eng d00aThe planarian HOM/HOX homeobox genes (Plox) expressed along the anteroposterior axis0 aplanarian HOMHOX homeobox genes Plox expressed along the anterop c1999//0 v2101 aOrii, H.1 aKato, K.1 aUmesono, Y.1 aSakurai, T.1 aAgata, K.1 aWatanabe, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1999.927502036nas a2200301 4500008004100000022001400041245011600055210006900171260001600240300001100256490000800267520115100275653001201426653002901438653001601467653001901483653002301502653002401525653000901549653002001558653001901578100001601597700001801613700001601631700001501647700002001662856005201682 1998 eng d a0048-969700aImpact of the New Zealand flatworm (Artioposthia triangulata) on soil structure and hydrology in the UK.0 aImpact of the New Zealand flatworm iArtioposthia triangulatai on c1998 May 04 a259-650 v2153 aThrough north west Europe, concern has been growing in recent years about the predatory nature of Artioposthia triangulata on indigenous earthworm species. In this study, the consequence of earthworm depletion by A. triangulata on soil structure and related hydrological processes is examined. Field measurements compare differences in saturated hydraulic conductivity between sites overrun by A. triangulata and neighbouring unaffected sites. Laboratory experiments were conducted on soil cores containing worms only, worms and A. triangulata, and a control with no worms or A. Triangulata. Differences in the water release characteristic and bulk density between treatments was studied. It is concluded that in the short term, infestation by flatworms and consequent depletion of earthworms will increase infiltration. However, as macropores degenerate or are removed over time, an increased risk of surface run off may result in increased pollution and flood hazards, whilst reduced drainage and subsequent waterlogging may reduce agricultural productivity in certain soils. More research into understanding the processes is required.
10aAnimals10aEnvironmental Monitoring10aOligochaeta10aPlatyhelminths10aPredatory Behavior10aRegression Analysis10aSoil10aSoil Pollutants10aUnited Kingdom1 aHaria, A, H1 aMcGrath, S, P1 aMoore, J, P1 aBell, J, P1 aBlackshaw, R, P uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/173301559nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188300001000257490000800267520101500275100002001290700002101310700001801331856006401349 1998 eng d00aThe proposed synonymy of Parakontikia ventrolineata (Dendy, 1892) and Kontikia mexicana (Hyman, 1939) - what is a penis papilla?0 aproposed synonymy of iParakontikia ventrolineatai Dendy 1892 and a91-960 v3833 aGeoplanid land planarians found near Johannesburg, South Africa, and in a hothouse in Liverpool, UK, could be identified either as Parakontikia ventrolineata (Dendy, 1892) or as Kontikia mexicana (Hyman, 1939). Comparison of the specimens with P. ventrolineata type specimens and other material and with published descriptions of K. mexicana shows no significant consistent difference between the species, other than the apparent presence of a penis papilla in K. mexicana. It is suggested that, in this case, the penis papilla is not a well-defined structure and that its presence in some specimens may be the result of differential contraction or eversion of the penial musculature at fixation. Accordingly it is proposed that the two species names are synonymous, and thus Parakontikia Winsor, 1991 is to be considered a junior synonym of Kontikia Froehlich, 1955. This is only the second geoplanid species to be recorded from Africa. It has also been found in Australia, New Zealand and the U.S.A.
1 aJones, Hugh, D.1 aJohns, Peter, M.1 aWinsor, Leigh uhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A100347821887300551nas a2200121 4500008004100000245020000041210006900241300001100310490000700321100002400328700002500352856005200377 1998 eng d00aRedescription of a North American freshwater planarian, Seidlia remota (Smith, 1988), with taxonomic notes on Seidlia and Polycelis species from the Far East and Central Asia0 aRedescription of a North American freshwater planarian iSeidlia a95-1100 v361 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aMitchell, Robert, W. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/185700509nas a2200157 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133260001100202490000800213100001400221700001700235700001500252700001400267700001800281856005200299 1998 eng d00aRhodopsin-like proteins in planarian eye and auricle: Detection and functional analysis0 aRhodopsinlike proteins in planarian eye and auricle Detection an c1998//0 v2011 aAsano, Y.1 aNakamura, S.1 aIshida, S.1 aAzuma, K.1 aShinozawa, T. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/153400527nas a2200169 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001100204490000700215100001400222700001600236700001300252700001800265700001600283700001700299856004100316 1998 eng d00aStructure of the planarian central nervous system (CNS) revealed by neuronal cell markers0 aStructure of the planarian central nervous system CNS revealed b c1998//0 v151 aAgata, K.1 aSoejima, Y.1 aKato, K.1 aKobayashi, C.1 aUmesono, Y.1 aWatanabe, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2108/zsj.15.43300475nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014300041210006900184260001100253490000600264100002000270700002000290856004300310 1998 eng d00aThe UNI3 gene is required for assembly of basal bodies of Chlamydomonas and encodes delta-tubulin, a new member of the tubulin superfamily0 aUNI3 gene is required for assembly of basal bodies of Chlamydomo c1998//0 v91 aDutcher, S., K.1 aTrabuco, E., C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.6.129300601nas a2200217 4500008004100000245005900041210005900100260001100159490000800170100001500178700001400193700001600207700001300223700001600236700001400252700001500266700001800281700001500299700001700314856005200331 1998 eng d00aZebrafish hox clusters and vertebrate genome evolution0 aZebrafish hox clusters and vertebrate genome evolution c1998//0 v2821 aAmores, A.1 aForce, A.1 aYan, Y., L.1 aJoly, L.1 aAmemiya, C.1 aFritz, A.1 aHo, R., K.1 aLangeland, J.1 aPrince, V.1 aWang, Y., L. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.282.5394.171100615nas a2200181 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260001100221490000800232100002100240700001900261700002100280700002700301700001900328700002300347700001800370856004500388 1997 eng d00aConserved anterior boundaries of Hox gene expression in the central nervous system of the leech Helobdella0 aConserved anterior boundaries of Hox gene expression in the cent c1997//0 v1901 aKourakis, M., J.1 aMaster, V., A.1 aLokhorst, D., K.1 aNardelli-Haefliger, D.1 aWedeen, C., J.1 aMartindale, M., Q.1 aShankland, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1997.868900477nas a2200145 4500008004100000245007400041210006900115260001100184490000800195100002100203700001700224700002500241700001300266856005200279 1997 eng d00aPlanarian Hox genes: novel patterns of expression during regeneration0 aPlanarian Hox genes novel patterns of expression during regenera c1997//0 v1241 aBayascas, J., R.1 aCastillo, E.1 aMunoz-Marmol, A., M.1 aSalo, E. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/158200494nas a2200133 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260001100234490000700245100001600252700001700268700001400285856006100299 1997 eng d00aA planarian orthopedia homolog is specifically expressed in the branch region of both the mature and regenerating brain0 aplanarian orthopedia homolog is specifically expressed in the br c1997//0 v391 aUmesono, Y.1 aWatanabe, K.1 aAgata, K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-169X.1997.t01-5-00008.x00484nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014100041210007000182300000800252490000600260100002300266700002100289856005200310 1997 eng d00aPrimera cita de Dendrocoelum (D.) lacteum (Müller, 1774) (Platyhelmintes; Turbellaria; Dendrocoelidae) en la Península Ibérica0 aPrimera cita de iDendrocoelum D lacteumi Müller 1774 Platyhelmin a5-80 v31 aCarranza, Salvador1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/175800415nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152300001200221490000700233100001300240856005200253 1997 eng d00aOn two new species of the genus Dendrocoelopsis from China (Tricladida: Paludicola: Dendrocoelidae)0 atwo new species of the genus iDendrocoelopsisi from China Tricla a240-2450 v221 aLiu, D-Z uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/180400504nas a2200181 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096260001100151490000700162100001700169700001700186700001700203700001300220700001400233700001500247700001400262856004600276 1996 eng d00aClass 3 Hox genes in insects and the origin of zen0 aClass 3 Hox genes in insects and the origin of zen c1996//0 v931 aFalciani, F.1 aHausdorf, B.1 aSchroder, R.1 aAkam, M.1 aTautz, D.1 aDenell, R.1 aBrown, S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.16.847900446nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011200041210006900153260001100222490000700233100001800240700002000258856004600278 1995 eng d00aIdentification of planarian homeobox sequences indicates the antiquity of most Hox/homeotic gene subclasses0 aIdentification of planarian homeobox sequences indicates the ant c1995//0 v921 aBalavoine, G.1 aTelford, M., J. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.92.16.722701620nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245007600055210006900131260001300200300001100213490000700224520080900231653001201040653002201052653002901074653002501103653002101128653001901149653001701168653001501185100001701200700002101217700001301238700001201251700001501263856005201278 1995 eng d a0272-434000aParvalbumin-immunoreactive proteins in the nervous system of planarians0 aParvalbuminimmunoreactive proteins in the nervous system of plan c1995 Aug a401-100 v153 a1. Using immunological methods, we have identified parvalbumin-like material in the triclade flatworms, Polycelis nigra, Polycelis auriculata, Crenobia alpina, Dugesia tahitiensis, and Dugesia polychroa. 2. Western immunoblot analysis of these five species revealed heat stable parvalbumin-immunoreactive proteins between 32 kD and 44 kD. 3. Proteins at 19 and 32 kD revealed intense labeling with 45Ca2+. 4. Double immunodiffusion of planarian supernatants showed complete fusion of precipitates, indicating immunological relatedness of the parvalbumin-like material among the species investigated. 5. Immunocytochemical studies exhibit parvalbumin-immunoreactive material exclusively in neurons supporting the notion of an early evolutionary appearance of these proteins in the nervous system.
10aAnimals10aBlotting, Western10aCalcium-Binding Proteins10aImmunohistochemistry10aMolecular Weight10aNervous system10aParvalbumins10aplanarians1 aHutticher, A1 aKerschbaum, H, H1 aKainz, V1 aBito, M1 aHermann, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172803333nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260002900259300001200288490000700300520274800307100001803055700001703073700001603090856005703106 1995 eng d a1365-242700aThe reaction time of leech and triclad species to crushed prey and the significance of this for their coexistence in British lakes0 areaction time of leech and triclad species to crushed prey and t bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a21–280 v343 a1. Three species of leeches, Erpobdella octoculata, Glossiphonia complanata and Helobdella stagnalis, and four species of triclads, Polycelis nigra, P. tennis, Dugesia polychroa and Dendrocoelum lacteum, commonly coexist on stony shores in productive British lakes. All species are food limited and there is much overlap in their diet. For both leech and triclad communities, coexistence of species is through the occurrence of food refuges. Leeches are more successful than triclads at capturing live prey, whereas both groups feed on damaged prey, comprising incapacitated, live or dead animals that are leaking body fluids. If triclads are better than leeches at exploiting damaged prey, this could be a mechanism for their coexistence.2. Laboratory experiments investigated the comparative speeds at which leeches and triclads responded to crushed prey. Young and adult predators were offered a crushed specimen of the oligochaete Tubifex tubifex, the snail Lymnaea peregra, the crustacean Asellus aquaticus or the chironomid Chironomus sp., and their reaction times recorded. These four prey groups constitute the main diet of the predators in the field. Only D. polychroa and D. lacteum showed a significantly different reaction time between young and adults to crushed prey, and the reason for this is unclear. All predators, except H. stagnalis and D. polychroa, showed a difference in reaction time to the four types of prey, presumably a consequence of differences in both the ‘quality’ and ‘concentration’ of the different prey fluids, and there were some differences between predators in their speed of reaction to the same prey type. The following sequence, from fastest to slowest, in general reaction time to prey was obtained: E. octoculata, D. polychroa, P. tenuis, D. lacteum, P. nigra, H. stagnalis and G. complanata.3. The location of the damaged food by the predators can be explained partly in terms of their foraging behaviour, with E. octoculata, D, polychroa and P. tenuis exhibiting a more seek-out strategy than other species which have a more sit-and-wait behaviour, and partly on the level of sophistication of their chemosensory system used to detect leaked prey fluids. This system is highly developed in triclad species but poorly developed in leeches.4. In a second type of experiment in which prey, L. peregra, A. aquaticus or Chironomus sp., were offered at different time intervals after crushing to H, stagnalis and P. tenuis, few predators fed on food crushed for 24 h or longer, although a few leeches fed on Chironomus crushed for up to 72 h.5. It is concluded that coexistence of leech and triclad species on stony shores in lakes is assisted by partitioning of food on a damaged or live basis.1 aSEABY, R.M.H.1 aMARTIN, A.J.1 aYOUNG, J.O. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1995.tb00419.x00824nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245007900055210007000134260001200204300001200216490000600228520037700234100002600611856004100637 1994 eng d a1720-077600aAnnotations on the reproductive biology of Planaria torva (Müller)0 aAnnotations on the reproductive biology of iPlanaria torvai Müll c03/1994 a59–610 v53 aPlanaria torva is a fresh-water triclad reproducing only sexually. Investigations accomplished on a laboratory strain derived from a single specimen have shown that this planarian belongs to the iteroparous species. Moreover, the animals have shown a peculiar reproductive characteristic, namely, a high production of cocoons, most of which, however, are sterile.
1 aBenazzi, Socio, Mario uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0300143600462nas a2200133 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260001100205490000800216100001800224700001900242700001500261856005200276 1994 eng d00aThe pha-4 gene is required to generate the pharyngeal primordium of Caenorhabditis elegans0 apha4 gene is required to generate the pharyngeal primordium of C c1994//0 v1201 aMango, S., E.1 aLambie, E., J.1 aKimble, J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/161500488nas a2200145 4500008004100000245009400041210006900135260001100204490000800215100001800223700001600241700001800257700001600275856005100291 1992 eng d00aCentrosome organization and centriole architecture: their sensitivity to divalent cations0 aCentrosome organization and centriole architecture their sensiti c1992//0 v1081 aPaintrand, M.1 aMoudjou, M.1 aDelacroix, H.1 aBornens, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1047-8477(92)90011-X01676nas a2200337 4500008004100000022001400041245009300055210006900148260001300217300001100230490000800241520068600249653002400935653001200959653002200971653002500993653002201018653002801040653002101068653001901089653001801108653002701126653001901153653003601172100001601208700001201224700001901236700001201255700001901267856005201286 1992 eng d a0742-841300aNeuropeptide F: primary structure from the tubellarian, Artioposthia triangulata.0 aNeuropeptide F primary structure from the tubellarian iArtiopost c1992 Feb a269-740 v1013 a1. A neuropeptide exhibiting vertebrate pancreatic polypeptide immunoreactivity has been isolated and sequenced from extracts of the terrestrial turbellarian, Artioposthia triangulata. 2. This neuropeptide, designated neuropeptide F, consists of 36 amino acid residues terminating in a phenylalaninamide. 3. The full primary structure was established as: KVVHLRPRSSFSSEDEYQIYLRNVSKYIQLYGRPRF.NH2. The molecular mass, deduced from this sequence, was 4433 Da. 4. This neuropeptide exhibits C-terminal homology with neuropeptide F (Moniezia expansa) and with the vertebrate neuropeptide Y/pancreatic polypeptide superfamily of which it may represent a phylogenetic precursor.
10aAmino Acid Sequence10aAnimals10aHelminth Proteins10aImmunohistochemistry10aMass Spectrometry10aMolecular Sequence Data10aMolecular Weight10aNeuropeptide Y10aNeuropeptides10aPancreatic Polypeptide10aPlatyhelminths10aSequence Homology, Nucleic Acid1 aCurry, W, J1 aShaw, C1 aJohnston, C, F1 aThim, L1 aBuchanan, K, D uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/173400473nas a2200109 4500008004100000245014800041210006900189490000700258100002200265700002400287856005200311 1991 eng d00aIndex to species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae. Part II: Caenoplaninae and Pelmatoplaninae0 aIndex to species of the family Geoplanidae Turbellaria Tricladid0 v291 aOgren, Robert, E.1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/186901010nas a2200133 4500008004100000020001400041245010200055210006900157300001400226490000800240520056900248100001800817856004100835 1991 eng d a1573-511700aMethods for taxonomic and distributional studies of terrestrial flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola)0 aMethods for taxonomic and distributional studies of terrestrial a349 - 3520 v2273 aTraditionally used methods for collecting and preserving terrestrial flatworms have proved deficient in various respects. Comparison of methods for preparing these animals for taxonomic study has shown that preservation of morphological characters can best be achieved using formaldehyde-calcium-cobalt fixative and subsequent storage in an aqueous solution of propylene phenoxetol plus propylene glycol and that the best-lasting histological preparations make use of light-fast, oxidation-resistant dyes and synthetic mounting media with an anti-oxidant.
1 aWinsor, Leigh uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0002762100442nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011600041210006900157300001000226490000800236100001800244856007000262 1991 eng d00aA provisional classification of Australian terrestrial geoplanid flatworms (Tricladida: Terricola: Geoplanidae)0 aprovisional classification of Australian terrestrial geoplanid f a42-490 v1091 aWinsor, Leigh uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40009694#page/42/mode/1up00452nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145300001100214490000700225100002200232700002400254856005200278 1990 eng d00aIndex to species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae0 aIndex to species of the family Geoplanidae Turbellaria Tricladid a79-1660 v281 aOgren, Robert, E.1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/186402062nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245020500055210006900260260002900329300001400358490000800372520139900380100001701779700001901796700002001815856005701835 1989 eng d a1469-799800aMorphological and biochemical variation in populations of Dugesia (G.) tigrina (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Paludicola) from the western Mediterranean: biogeographical and taxonomical implications0 aMorphological and biochemical variation in populations of iDuges bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a609–6260 v2183 aDugesia (Girardia) tigrina is a Nearctic freshwater triclad native to North America, now amply distributed in most European countries as the result of a reportedly unique introduction into north-west Europe early this century and its dispersal southwards and eastwards in the last decades. All European populations described so far are externally spotted, with a pigmented pharynx, and, apart from two sexual populations recently described in England, they are fissiparous. This uniformity contrasts with the variability reported in its native area, thus supporting the hypothesis of a single introduction. However, thorough morphological, karyological and biochemical comparative studies of European populations have never been properly done.We have undertaken such a study comparing 24 populations present in a restricted area of the western Mediterranean. The results show an unexpectedly ample variation in external and pharyngeal pigmentation patterns, the presence of sexually reproducing populations, and ample variation in their biochemical patterns as revealed by isoelectric-focusing. This is an indication that European Dugesia (G.) tigrina is far more diverse than previously thought, suggesting that several, independent introductions from its native area have recently occurred, and the implications of these findings in biogeographical and taxonomic terms are discussed.
1 aRibas, Maria1 aRiutort, Marta1 aBaguñà, Jaume uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb05003.x00417nas a2200085 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144100001600213856010200229 1989 eng d00aRevised list of the North American freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Paludicola)0 aRevised list of the North American freshwater planarians Platyhe1 aKenk, Roman uhttps://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/5289/SCtZ-0476-Hi_res.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y00834nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006300041210006000104300001000164490000700174520044400181100001800625856006900643 1989 eng d00aSperm resorption in triclads (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)0 aSperm resorption in triclads Platyhelminthes Tricladida a89-950 v153 aTriclads use the excess of spermatozoa received from the partner during copulation as an additional source of nutritive material. Digestion of sperm takes place in various sperm resorptive organs, such as the copulatory bursa, lateral bursae, spermiduct, resorptive vesicles, and oviducal tubae. Sperm resorptive organs may concern either newly evolved organs, or result from a change of function in an already existing structure.
1 aSluys, Ronald uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07924259.1989.967202800421nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260001100199490000700210100001300217700001700230856005200247 1988 eng d00aDevelopment of macrociliary cells in Beroe. I. Actin bundles and centriole migration0 aDevelopment of macrociliary cells in Beroe I Actin bundles and c c1988//0 v891 aTamm, S.1 aTamm, S., L. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/166200445nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011300041210006900154260001200223300001200235490000800247100001600255856005200271 1988 eng d00aA new, disjunct species of triclad flatworm (Turbellaria : Tricladida) from a spring in southern New England0 anew disjunct species of triclad flatworm Turbellaria Tricladida c10/1988 a246-2520 v1751 aSmith, D.G. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/185600455nas a2200109 4500008004100000245014600041210006900187300001200256490000800268100001700276856005200293 1986 eng d00aReproductive ecology of Dendrocoelum lacteum (Turbellaria) in a rapid stream in southern Sweden and comparisons with a lake population0 aReproductive ecology of iDendrocoelum lacteumi Turbellaria in a a273-2770 v1321 aHerrmann, J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/175900406nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260001100180490000600191100001700197700001800214856005200232 1985 eng d00aChemotaxis in the Freshwater Planarian, Dugesia japonica japonica0 aChemotaxis in the Freshwater Planarian Dugesia japonica japonica c1985//0 v21 aMiyamoto, S.1 aShimozawa, A. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/152600466nas a2200109 4500008004100000245015200041210006900193300001100262490000700273100002400280856005200304 1985 eng d00aA note on the morphology of Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, and Bipalium adventitium Hyman, 1943 (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola)0 anote on the morphology of iBipalium kewensei Moseley 1878 and iB a85-1000 v231 aKawakatsu, Masaharu uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174500452nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012400041210006900165260001100234490000700245100001900252700001800271856004100289 1985 eng d00aUltrastructure and ATPase activity of the centriolar body at the mitotic stage in neoblasts of the planarian Dugesia sp0 aUltrastructure and ATPase activity of the centriolar body at the c1985//0 v931 aSakai-Wada, A.1 aMukaidani, C. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0125944500462nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300001200238490000700250100002500257856007000282 1984 eng d00aThe morphology and reproduction of a new species of Atrioplanaria de Beauchamp (Turbellaria: Tricladida) from Israel0 amorphology and reproduction of a new species of iAtrioplanariai a171-1840 v321 aBromley, Heather, J. uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00212210.1983.1068854501262nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260001200211300001400223490000800237520078600245100001801031856007901049 1983 eng d00aA new species of land planarian from Madeira Portugal (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida)0 anew species of land planarian from Madeira Portugal Platyhelmint c12/1983 a433–4430 v2013 aKontikia bulbosa sp. nov. is described. The species is characterized by an intrapenial papilla, dilatations of the vasa deferentia, and a number of bulbous structures projecting from the atrial wall. K. bulbosa differs from the known representatives of its genus in that it has no annular zone of parenchymal longitudinal muscles, but only a ventral layer of these muscles. It is proposed that Froehlich's (1955) definition of the genus be adapted so that it also includes Geoplana species with only a ventral layer of parenchymal longitudinal muscles. G. mexicana Hyman, 1939 fulfills the new requirements of Kontikia and, consequently, is transferred to this genus. K. bulbosa was found on Madeira; its occurrence on this island is probably due to passive dispersal.
1 aSluys, Ronald uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1983.tb05069.x/full00594nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245008600055210006900141260001300210300001000223490000700233653001200240653001700252653000900269653001500278653001600293653001300309100001400322856005200336 1983 eng d a0005-042300aVomiting of land planarians (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola) ingested by cats0 aVomiting of land planarians Turbellaria Tricladida Terricola ing c1983 Sep a282-30 v6010aAnimals10aCat Diseases10aCats10aplanarians10aTurbellaria10aVomiting1 aWinsor, L uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/170200481nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186300001200255490000700267100001700274700001600291856005200307 1982 eng d00aFreshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of North America. XIV. Polycelis monticola, new species, from the Sierra Nevada Range in California0 aFreshwater triclads Turbellaria of North America XIV iPolycelis a567-5700 v951 aKenk, Romank1 aHamptom, AM uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/182500412nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007200041210006900113300000900182490000700191100002500198856007900223 1982 eng d00aObservations on the biology of cave planarians of the United States0 aObservations on the biology of cave planarians of the United Sta a9-260 v121 aCarpenter, Jerry, H. uhttp://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1420&context=ijs00806nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000600214520037100220100002300591856007000614 1982 eng d00aTaxonomy, environment and reproduction in freshwater triclads (Turbellaria: Tricladida)0 aTaxonomy environment and reproduction in freshwater triclads Tur a107-1130 v53 aThe reproductive methods employed by freshwater triclads are briefly reviewed, and the origins and success of asexual reproduction in the Dugesiidae and Planariidae discussed. Evidence is presented to show that reproduction and environment are linked, and it is proposed that asexual reproduction can only persist in environments where biotic stress is low.
1 aBeveridge, Malcolm uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01651269.1982.1055346001813nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245007100055210006600126260001500192300001400207490000800221520114400229653002301373653002701396653001301423653001601436100002901452700002201481700002201503856007001525 1981 eng d a0005-274400aProperties of a collagenolytic enzyme from Bipalium kewense0 aProperties of a collagenolytic enzyme from iBipalium kewensei c1981/10/13 a213 - 2200 v6613 aA collagenolytic enzyme from the land planarian Bipalium kewense has been purified by preparative isoelectric focusing. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 47 000 ± 2 000 and appears to be dimeric. It has an isoelectric point of 4.6 ± 0.1 and a high content of acidic amino acids. The amino acid composition of the Bipalium collagenase is similar to that of human skin fibroblast collagenases but clearly different from previously reported collagenolytic proteases from other invertebrates, Uca pugilator and Hypoderma lineatum. In its action on guinea-pig collagen, the enzyme produces distinct products, at low incubation temperatures, different from those produced by vertebrate and other invertebrate collagenolytic enzymes. These products have glycine as their N-terminal amino acids. As determined by viscosity measurements, the Bipalium collagenase is more active on invertebrate, earthworm, collagen than it is on the vertebrate, Type I guinea-pig skin, collagen. The Bipalium collagenase differs from both bacterial and vertebrate collagenases as well as from invertebrate, collagenolytic serine proteases.
10a(Bipalium kewense)10aAmino acid composition10aCollagen10aCollagenase1 aLandsperger, William, J.1 aPeters, Erwin, H.1 aDresden, Marc, H. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/000527448190006100384nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116300001200185490000700197100001800204856005200222 1980 eng d00aFreshwater planarians from Colombia and a revision of Fuhrmann's types0 aFreshwater planarians from Colombia and a revision of Fuhrmanns a235-2420 v501 aBall, Ian, R. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/183801097nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245008100055210006900136260001300205300001000218490000700228520038800235653001200623653001700635653000900652653001300661653001300674653002300687653003100710653001500741653002100756100001400777856005200791 1980 eng d a0005-042300aPseudoparasitism of domestic and native animals by geoplanid land planarians0 aPseudoparasitism of domestic and native animals by geoplanid lan c1980 Apr a194-60 v563 aThree cases of pseudoparasitism of a pullet, Pygmy possum and domestic cat by geoplanid land planarians are reported. Unlike similar reports from Japan and America, there is no implication of gastrointestinal pseudoparasitism in these Australian cases. It is believed that the incidents described arose from accidental attachment of land planarians to the animals concerned.
10aAnimals10aCat Diseases10aCats10aChickens10aOpossums10aParasitic Diseases10aParasitic Diseases, Animal10aplanarians10aPoultry Diseases1 aWinsor, L uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/170001758nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245012400055210006900179260003500248300001400283490000800297520119400305100002301499700002101522856005701543 1979 eng d a1469-799800aPredation on snails by three species of triclad and its bearing on the distribution of Planaria torva in Britain0 aPredation on snails by three species of triclad and its bearing bBlackwell Publishing Ltdc1979 a459 - 4840 v1893 aDugesia polychroa, D. lugubris and Planaria torva preyed upon snails of differing morphologies and while the Dugesia spp. fed approximately in proportion to snail abundance, PL torva was more selective on Potamopyrgus jenkinsi. The incidence of feeding on four snail taxa by the Dugesia spp. was significantly correlated and differed strikingly from that of PI. torva where feeding was related to its annual life cycle. Large peaks of feeding coincided in the Dugesia spp. for the four snail types; this was attributed to snail vulnerability being increased by environmental disturbance. Comparison of feeding by Dugesia spp. in the presence and absence of PI. torva indicated that severe competition was occurring for food with PI. torva having a food refuge in P. jenkinsi. The distribution of PI. torva in Britain is largely confined to productive habitats in the Glasgow-Edinburgh and East Anglia regions. It is concluded that historical rather than ecological events have played the major part in its distribution to date. The strong association of PL torva with port areas and the canal system suggests that it is a recent introduction via the timber trade with Fennoscania.
1 aReynoldson, T., B.1 aPiearce, Bronwen uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03974.x00341nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005800041210005600099260001100155490000800166100001800174856003900192 1978 eng d00aA gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila0 agene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila c1978//0 v2761 aLewis, E., B. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1038/276565a000632nas a2200193 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260001300238300001100251490000700262653001200269653002900281653003100310653001500341653001600356100001400372856005200386 1978 eng d a0026-370200aOblique illumination and interference contrast microscopy aids in the taxonomic histology of land planarians.0 aOblique illumination and interference contrast microscopy aids i c1978 Dec a319-210 v3410aAnimals10aMicroscopy, Interference10aMicroscopy, Phase-Contrast10aplanarians10aTurbellaria1 aWinsor, L uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/170100433nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131300000900200490000800209100001600217856009000233 1977 eng d00aFreshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of North America, IX. The genus Sphalloplana0 aFreshwater triclads Turbellaria of North America IX The genus iS a1-380 v2461 aKenk, Roman uhttps://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/5344/SCtZ-0246-Lo_res.pdf?sequence=200426nas a2200121 4500008004100000245007300041210006500114300001200179490000700191100001900198700002200217856006500239 1977 eng d00aAtrioplanaria morisii n. sp., a new cave planarian from Italy0 aiAtrioplanaria morisiii n sp a new cave planarian from Italy a327-3350 v441 aBenazzi, Mario1 aGourbault, Nicole uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1125000770942927200541nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125300001200194490000700206100001900213700002200232856016500254 1977 eng d00aDugesia jenkinsae n. sp., a fresh-water triclad (Turbellaria) from Texas0 aiDugesia jenkinsaei n sp a freshwater triclad Turbellaria from T a540-5430 v961 aBenazzi, Mario1 aGourbault, Nicole uhttp://planarias.each.usp.br/system/artigos/169/original/Benazzi___Gourbault_1977_-_Dugesia_jenkinsae_n._sp.__a_fresh-water_triclad_(Turbellaria)_from_Texas.pdf00405nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006800041210006300109300001000172490000800182100002200190700001900212856005200231 1977 eng d00aKaryological Study of the Genus Atrioplanaria Tricladida0 aKaryological Study of the Genus iAtrioplanariai Tricladida a53-620 v1181 aGourbault, Nicole1 aBenazzi, Mario uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/181300371nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006700041210006200108300001000170490000700180100002200187856005200209 1977 eng d00aKaryology of Dugesia arizonensis Turbellaria Tricladida0 aKaryology of iDugesia arizonensisi Turbellaria Tricladida a63-680 v301 aGourbault, Nicole uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/183700987nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245008300055210006900138260001600207300001000223490000800233520027200241653001200513653001400525653002200539653002800561653002500589653003500614653001600649100001400665700001400679856005200693 1977 eng d a0302-766X00aSeptate junctions in the cephalic epidermis of Turbellarians (Bipalium)0 aSeptate junctions in the cephalic epidermis of Turbellarians iBi c1977 Nov 07 a423-50 v1843 aIn the epidermis of turbellarians septate junctions of the pleated sheet type have been demonstrated in conventional thin sections and freeze fractured preparations. The structure of these junctions entirely agrees with that found in molluscs and arthropods.
10aAnimals10aEpidermis10aFreeze Fracturing10aIntercellular Junctions10aMicroscopy, Electron10aMicroscopy, Electron, Scanning10aTurbellaria1 aStorch, V1 aWelsch, U uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/173202189nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245010300055210007000158260003500228300001400263490000600277520164900283100002301932700001901955856005701974 1976 eng d a1365-242700aThe food of Planaria torva (Müller) (Turbellaria-Tricladida), a laboratory and field study0 afood of iPlanaria torvai Müller TurbellariaTricladida a laborato bBlackwell Publishing Ltdc1976 a383 - 3930 v63 aThe food of Planaria torva was examined in the laboratory by exposing a range of potential prey to the triclad and observing prey mortality. Under these conditions P. torva fed mainly upon tubificid oligochaetes and gastropods. The former activity was regarded as untypical of the field situation and due to limitations of the laboratory habitat. The food of P. torva was determined in the field by taking monthly samples from October 1967 to May 1969 of a population living in Linlithgow Loch, West Lothian, Scotland. A serological technique was used to examine the gut contents of the field triclads. For reasons explained in the text, the prey organisms tested for serologically were gastropods, oligochaetes (Tubificidae), Asellus and chironomid larvae. Planaria torva fed most extensively on Gastropoda, Asellus was the second main food while Tubificidae and Chironomidae were taken only seasonally and in small numbers. The limited extent of feeding on tubificids supports the laboratory data. Small P. torva gave proportionately fewer positive reactions to the prey antisera than large individuals. This was explained by the fact that small individuals occurred most frequently in the warmer months and took smaller meals; both of these features shorten the detection period of food in the gut and therefore give fewer reactions. The diet of small and large P. torva was similar in the field and showed considerable overlap with that of Dugesia polychroa. The food of Polycelis tenuis, Dendrocoelum lacteum and Dugesia polychroa in Linlithgow Loch was described on an annual basis and the results confirmed earlier observations.
1 aReynoldson, T., B.1 aSEFTON, A., D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1976.tb01623.x00456nas a2200121 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260001100230490000700241100002300248700002000271856004300291 1975 eng d00aBALD-2: a mutation affecting the formation of doublet and triplet sets of microtubules in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii0 aBALD2 a mutation affecting the formation of doublet and triplet c1975//0 v661 aGoodenough, U., W.1 aStClair, H., S. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.66.3.48000859nas a2200289 4500008004100000022001400041245012000055210006900175260001300244300001100257490000700268653001200275653002500287653001100312653001800323653001800341653002000359653002300379653002500402653000900427653002000436653001300456653001600469100001600485700001600501856005200517 1975 eng d a0022-532000aGenesis, composition and fate of cortical granules in the eggs of Polycelis nigra (Turbellaria, Tricladida).0 aGenesis composition and fate of cortical granules in the eggs of c1975 Feb a277-830 v5010aAnimals10aCytoplasmic Granules10aFemale10aFertilization10aGlycoproteins10aGolgi Apparatus10aHistocytochemistry10aMicroscopy, Electron10aOvum10aPolysaccharides10aProteins10aTurbellaria1 aGremigni, V1 aDomenici, L uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171100521nas a2200133 4500008004100000245017000041210006900211260001100280490000600291100001400297700001500311700001700326856004400343 1974 eng d00aCephalic mechanism for social control of fissioning in planarians. II. Localization and identification of the receptors by electron micrographic and ablation studies0 aCephalic mechanism for social control of fissioning in planarian c1974//0 v51 aPigon, A.1 aMorita, M.1 aBest, J., B. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1002/neu.48005050602832nas a2200157 4500008004100000020002300041245017300064210006900237260004600306300001400352490000700366520222000373100002302593700002102616856003702637 1974 eng d a00218790, 1365265600aThe Distribution, Abundance, Feeding Habits, and Population Biology of the Immigrant Triclad Dugesia polychroa (Platyhelminthes: turbellaria) in Toronto Harbour, Canada0 aDistribution Abundance Feeding Habits and Population Biology of b[Wiley, British Ecological Society]c1974 a - 6996810 v433 a(1) The feeding habits, distribution, abundance and population biology of the immigrant triclad Dugesia polychroa have been studied over a period of 20 months. (2) Using serological techniques, it was found that the food sources of D. polychroa were the tubificid oligochaetes (84.4%) the gastropods (12.0%) and the isopods and amphipods (3.6%). (3) The distribution of D. polychroa in Toronto Harbour was limited, not by food but by gross pollution, to the highly enriched areas around the islands of the harbour complex. (4) The abundance of D. polychroa was estimated at 2220/m2. (5) The weight and length D. polychroa followed a typical allometric growth curve. (6) The triclad population exhibited a yearly maximum and minimum size. The maxima, in August, were characterized by a maximum mean individual length, maximum biomass percentage and a maximum proportion of adults. This was followed by a rapid decline to minima which were characterized by a minimum mean length, and biomass percentage. The minima were followed by a period of growth that was initially slow, halted over the winter period and then became very rapid from spring through to the maxima. The length of the breeding period was 10 weeks. (7) In Toronto D. Polychroa exhibited different feeding habits, related to both the differing relative abundance of the food source and different inter-specific competitors, from those of D. polychroa in Britain. (8) The population abundance was consistent with the levels of food sources, which were considerably higher than those found in Britain. (9) The fecundity estimates and the characteristic maxima and minima of the Toronto population were similar to those exhibited by D. polychroa in Britain, but differed in the rate of growth and reproduction, the rate of decline from the maxima to the minima of size, the length of the breeding period and the maximum, but not the total, observed young. The magnitude of these differences, which were in the order of X2.5-3, showed a relationship to temperature. (10) The population biology of D. polychroa in the two differing environments was remarkably similar although temperature-dependent, thus supporting the concept of self-regulatory dynamics.1 aBoddington, M., J.1 aMettrick, D., F. uhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/353100438nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300000700220490000700227100002400234856007000258 1973 eng d00aAdditional notes on freshwater planarians from Lake Tahoe in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in North America0 aAdditional notes on freshwater planarians from Lake Tahoe in the a670 v111 aKawakatsu, Masaharu uhttp://ci.nii.ac.jp/els/contents110008426002.pdf?id=ART000967696301042nas a2200157 4500008004100000020002300041245007400064210006700138260001300205300001400218490000800232520054500240100002100785700002100806856005700827 1973 eng d a0264-60211470-872800aA collagenase in extracts of the invertebrate Bipalium kewense0 acollagenase in extracts of the invertebrate iBipalium kewensei c1973/06/ a329 - 3340 v1333 aThe localization, isolation and partial characterization of a collagenolytic enzyme from the land planarian Bipalium kewense is described. This enzyme can be obtained by direct extraction of the organism, and can be separated from non-collagenous proteolytic activity by (NH(4))(2)SO(4) precipitation and Sephadex-gel chromatography. Its mode of attack on collagen and sensitivity to a variety of inhibitors indicate that this enzyme differs from vertebrate collagenases and a previously described invertebrate collagenase. IMAGES:
1 aPhillips, Julius1 aDresden, Marc, H uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1177702/00490nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179300001200248490000700260100002500267700002400292856005200316 1973 eng d00aFreshwater cavernicole planarians from Mexico: New troglobiotic and troglophilic Dugesia from caves of the Sierra de Guatemala0 aFreshwater cavernicole planarians from Mexico New troglobiotic a a639-6810 v271 aMitchell, Robert, W.1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/183901663nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245008100055210006900136260001300205300000900218490000600227520118400233100001801417700001801435856005201453 1972 eng d a1432-193900aThe effects of electrofishing on the invertebrates of a Lake District stream0 aeffects of electrofishing on the invertebrates of a Lake Distric c1972 Mar a1-110 v93 aThe experiments were performed in Dale Park Beck, a stony stream in the English Lake District. Two operators electrofished the sampling area (length 20 m in April and July 1970, and 40 m in May 1971) three times (runs 1, 2, 3) in each experiment.Electrofishing caused a marked increase in the number of invertebrates drifting out of the sampling area, and nearly all taxa taken in the bottom samples were also found in the drift samples. The fish shocker was chiefly responsible for the increased drifting of Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Gammarus pulex, and these taxa were dislodged from the substratum more easily than Trichoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Polycelis felina. The increased drifting of the latter taxa was chiefly due to the disturbance of the substratum by the two operators.Most of the invertebrates drifting from the upstream end of the experimental section returned to the bottom within the sampling area. The invertebrate drift out of the sampling area came chiefly from the downstream end of the section, and was equivalent to a loss of only 5% from the total benthos in the sampling area (losses varied between <1 and 13% for individual taxa).
1 aElliott, J, M1 aBagenal, T, B uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171300404nam a2200097 4500008004100000245005700041210005500098260007100153100001600224856006600240 1972 eng d00aFreshwater planarians (Turbellaria) of North America0 aFreshwater planarians Turbellaria of North America aWashington, D.C.bWashington, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency1 aKenk, Roman uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4020#/summary00367nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005400041210005400095300002700149490000700176100002200183856005200205 1972 eng d00aRecherches sur les triclades paludicoles hypogés0 aRecherches sur les triclades paludicoles hypogés a1-249, 1 map, plates 10 v731 aGourbault, Nicole uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/181801156nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245013500055210006900190260001300259300001200272490000700284520064600291100002100937856005200958 1972 eng d a1432-193900aThe responses to current flow of two stream dwelling triclads, Crenobia alpina (Dana) and Polycelis felina (Dalyell)0 aresponses to current flow of two stream dwelling triclads iCreno c1972 Dec a313-3200 v103 aAn apparatus is described which allows triclads to choose between the fast and slow regions of a stirred tank. In the absence of a stone substratum Crenobia alpina preferred or tolerated higher current speeds than Polycelis felina, this effect was enhanced when a stone substratum was added to the apparatus. These results indicate that the absence of Polycelis felina from the steep gradient regions of streams could be accounted for by its preference for slower micro-currents. Conversely the presence of Crenobia alpina in steep gradient regions could be accounted for by its preference for or tolerance to higher micro-currents.
1 aLock, Maurice, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171400882nas a2200325 4500008004100000022001400041245008200055210006900137260001300206300001000219490000700229653000900236653002800245653002200273653001000295653001100305653001200316653001800328653001500346653001100361653001100372653001000383653000900393653002000402653003300422653001600455100001700471700001600488856005200504 1972 eng d a0022-339500aTerrestrial turbellarians (Tricladida: Bipaliidae) as pseudoparasites of man.0 aTerrestrial turbellarians Tricladida Bipaliidae as pseudoparasit c1972 Jun a444-60 v5810aAged10aDiagnosis, Differential10aDysentery, Amebic10aFeces10aFemale10aGeorgia10aHelminthiasis10aHemorrhage10aHumans10aInfant10aJapan10aMale10aRectal Diseases10aRespiratory Tract Infections10aTurbellaria1 aWalton, B, C1 aYokogawa, M uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/170900384nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008300041210006900124260001100193490000700204100002000211856004300231 1971 eng d00aCentriole morphogenesis in developing ciliated epithelium of the mouse oviduct0 aCentriole morphogenesis in developing ciliated epithelium of the c1971//0 v511 aDirksen, E., R. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.51.1.28604352nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245008000055210006900135260001300204300001200217490000600229520390100235100001804136856005204154 1971 eng d a1432-193900aThe distances travelled by drifting invertebrates in a Lake District stream0 adistances travelled by drifting invertebrates in a Lake District c1971 Dec a350-3790 v63 aThe distances travelled by drifting invertebrates of 18 taxa were investigated at sites 3 and 4 in the Wilfin Beck, a small stony stream in the English Lake District. Fifty invertebrates of the same taxon were released into the stream at increasing distances upstream from a large net which caught all invertebrates drifting downstream.The relationship between the catch in the net (Y x ) and the distance from the release point to the net (X m) was well described by the regression equation:[Formula: see text] whereR is the constant relative rate of return of invertebrates to the bottom of the stream, andA=Y 0=number of invertebrates released at each point=50. Values ofR, the mean drift distance ([Formula: see text] m), and the distance (X p m) travelled byP% (1%, 10%, 50%) of the drifting invertebrates were calculated for each taxon at different modal water velocities. Values ofR,[Formula: see text] andX p were fairly constant for each taxon at a particular modal water velocity, and were not significantly affected by the source of the experimental animals (benthos or drift), by changes in illumination (daylight or darkness), or by seasonal changes, including water temperature.The experimental taxa at site 4 were divided into the following three groups according to their ability to return to the bottom: 1. Polycelis felina, Ancylus fluviatilis, Chironomidae, Eliminthidae, andAmphinemura sulcicollis. Values ofR,[Formula: see text],X p not significantly different from those obtained for dead invertebrates, which were removed from the drift by chance effects. 2. Protonemura meyeri, Leuctra spp.,Chloroperla spp.,Rhithrogena semicolorata, Simulium spp. Values ofR,[Formula: see text],X p not significantly different from those obtained for dead invertebrates at modal water velocities ≧19 cm/sec. At low velocities (10-12 cm/sec),R was significantly greater and[Formula: see text],X p significantly smaller than values obtained for dead invertebrates. 3. Erpobdella octoculata, Gammarus pulex, Hydropsyche spp.,Ecdyonurus venosus, Ephemerella ignita, Baëtis rhodani. Values ofR,[Formula: see text],X p significantly different (R greater,[Formula: see text] andX p smaller) from those obtained for dead invertebrates. The exponential law was not a good model for experiments with cased caddis larvae (Agapetus fuscipes and a mixed group ofSericostoma personatum, Drusus annulatus, Potamophylax cingulatus). Larvae sank rapidly after release and drifted over very short distances.Values ofR for each taxon were significantly higher at site 3 than at site 4, and the more rapid return at site 3 was presumably due to dense stands of aquatic macrophytes. The increase inR was greatest forSimulium spp. andE. ignita.The relationship between[Formula: see text] and modal water velocity (V cm/sec) was well described by the regression equation:[Formula: see text] wherea andb are constants. The relationship betweenR andV, orX p andV, was described by similar equations. Values ofa andb were calculated for each taxon at sites 3 and 4.The drift distance was also investigated by blocking the total drift and taking drift samples at several stations downstream from the blockage. Drift rate was markedly reduced immediately below the blockage and then gradually increased downstream until it was similar to that recorded before blocking. The mathematical model developed from the detailed experiments was a good fit to the results of the blocking experiments.The behaviour of the drifting invertebrates and their ability to return to the bottom are discussed. From the results of the present study and those of other workers, it is concluded that the mathematical model is a good model for invertebrate drift. The implications of the model are discussed, especially the relationship between drift rate and water velocity, and the proportion of the benthos in the drift.
1 aElliott, J, M uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171200386nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006100041210005500102300001200157490000700169100001900176700001700195856005200212 1971 eng d00aCura azteca, nuova specie di planaria del Messico0 aiCura aztecai nuova specie di planaria del Messico a477-4810 v501 aBenazzi, Mario1 aGiannini, E. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/184100459nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012300041210006900164300001200233490000600245100001500251856008300266 1970 eng d00aCoefficients thermiques et ecologie de quelques planaires d'eau douce 4: La reproduction de Dugesia gonocephala0 aCoefficients thermiques et ecologie de quelques planaires deau d a293-3040 v61 aPattée, E uhttps://www.limnology-journal.org/articles/limn/pdf/1970/03/limn197063p293.pdf00413nas a2200109 4500008004100000245010800041210006900149300001000218490000700228100001600235856005200251 1970 eng d00aFreshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of North America. II. New or little known species of Phagocata0 aFreshwater triclads Turbellaria of North America II New or littl a13-340 v831 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/184200447nas a2200109 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001200244490000700256100002200263856005200285 1969 eng d00aCavernicolous Triclades of the Pyrenees III Contribution to the Study of Atrioplanaria Atrioplanaria delamarei new species0 aCavernicolous Triclades of the Pyrenees III Contribution to the a377-3850 v241 aGourbault, Nicole uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/181100619nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245010300055210006900158260000900227300000900236490000700245653001200252653001600264653001300280653001200293653001500305653001600320100002500336856005200361 1969 eng d a0016-670700aChromosome number and ploidy-level in a Dutch population of Crenobia alpina Dana (Planaria)0 aChromosome number and ploidylevel in a Dutch population of iCren c1969 a61-40 v4010aAnimals10aChromosomes10aDiploidy10aMitosis10apolyploidy10aTurbellaria1 avan der Linden, A, G uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172700445nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010100041210006900142260001100211490000700222100002500229700002500254856004400279 1969 eng d00aA clonal analysis of determination in Antennapedia a homoeotic mutant of Drosophila melanogaster0 aclonal analysis of determination in Antennapedia a homoeotic mut c1969//0 v641 aPostlethwait, J., H.1 aSchneiderman, H., A. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.64.1.17600401nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001400197490000700211100002100218856005200239 1969 eng d00aThe endemic planarian Rimacephalus arecepta n. sp. (Tricladida, Paludicola)0 aendemic planarian iRimacephalus areceptai n sp Tricladida Paludi a1303-13080 v481 aPorfirjeva, N.A. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/182000446nas a2200109 4500008004100000245014300041210006900184260001100253490000700264100001600271856004900287 1969 eng d00aThe mystery of the vanished citations: James McConnell's forgotten 1960s quest for planarian learning, a biochemical engram, and celebrity0 amystery of the vanished citations James McConnells forgotten 196 c1969//0 v511 aRilling, M. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.51.6.58900768nas a2200253 4500008004100000022001400041245011400055210006900169260000900238300001100247490000700258653001200265653001800277653001700295653001400312653001300326653000900339653003100348653001600379653002600395653001600421100002500437856005200462 1969 eng d a0340-033600aSpermatogenesis, spermiogenesis and sperm structure in Crenobia (Planaria) alpina (Dana)0 aSpermatogenesis spermiogenesis and sperm structure in iCrenobiai c1969 a549-630 v9710aAnimals10aCell Division10aCell Nucleus10aCytoplasm10aFlagella10aMale10aMicroscopy, Phase-Contrast10aSpermatozoa10aStaining and Labeling10aTurbellaria1 avan der Linden, A, G uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172601875nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245013300055210006900188260002900257300001300286490000800299520128400307100001801591700002301609700001601632856005701648 1969 eng d a1469-799800aThe taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain0 ataxonomy habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad iPla bBlackwell Publishing Ltd a99–1230 v1573 aPlanaria torva was described originally by O. F. Müller in 1774 under the generic name Fasciola. The synonyms arising since have been critically evaluated and the many varied morphological descriptions of this species are reviewed. The identity of this species in Britain has been confirmed by detailed examination of external and internal anatomy and it is shown that Planaria torfrida, described from Britain by Perkins (1928), is a synonym of Planaria torva. Dugesia lugubris (Schmidt, 1862) is the species most likely to be confused with Planaria torva and convenient methods of separating these species are described. The validity of all available British records has been examined and new localities described. Planaria torva occurs in England, Scotland and Ireland but has a markedly discontinuous distribution. There are real concentrations of habitats in the Edinburgh and Glasgow areas where the species also forms a larger proportion of the triclad population than usual. The species is markedly eurytopic and occurs in a wide range of lotic and lentic habitats, although most of them are calcium rich by British standards. It is not yet possible to offer a sound explanation for these facts because the ecology of Planaria torva is insufficiently known.
1 aBall, Ian, R.1 aReynoldson, T., B.1 aWarwick, T. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x00368nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006400041210006300105300001200168490000700180100001900187856005200206 1969 eng d00aTurbellariés Triclades endémiques nouveaux du lac d'Ohrid0 aTurbellariés Triclades endémiques nouveaux du lac dOhrid a413-4350 v651 aStanković, S. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/182101008nas a2200121 4500008004100000245011800041210006900159300001100228490000600239520038600245100001500631856024000646 1968 eng d00aCoefficients thermiques et ecologie de quelques planaires d'eau douce 2: Tolérance de Dugesia gonocephala0 aCoefficients thermiques et ecologie de quelques planaires deau d a99-1040 v43 aPour D. gonocephala, les limites de survie indéfinie à température constante et en eau agitée sont voisines de 20-21° C. Par sa résistance thermique comme par sa répartition dans la nature, cette espèce se montre remarquablement intermédiaire entre Polycelis felina et Polycelis nigra.
1 aPattée, E uhttps://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/BFE559A642FAF2A4AA9F435F4E740180/S0003408868000142a.pdf/coefficients_thermiques_et_ecologie_de_quelques_planaires_deau_douce_2_tolerance_de_dugesia_gonocephala.pdf00402nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300000900192490000800201100002400209856005900233 1968 eng d00aNorth American Triclad Turbellaria, 17: Freshwater planarians from Lake Tahoe0 aNorth American Triclad Turbellaria 17 Freshwater planarians from a1-210 v1241 aKawakatsu, Masaharu uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/10191#/summary00388nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007900041210006900120260001100189490000600200100002000206856005200226 1968 eng d00aReconstructions of centriole formation and ciliogenesis in mammalian lungs0 aReconstructions of centriole formation and ciliogenesis in mamma c1968//0 v31 aSorokin, S., P. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/166100415nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156260001100225490000700236100002100243856004100264 1967 eng d00aThe fine structure of sensory receptor processes in the auricular epithelium of the planarian, Dugesia tigrina0 afine structure of sensory receptor processes in the auricular ep c1967//0 v821 aMacRae, Krugelis uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0033711900373nas a2200097 4500008004100000245008400041210006900125490000600194100002300200856005200223 1966 eng d00aThe distribution and abundance of lake-dwelling triclads - towards a hypothesis0 adistribution and abundance of lakedwelling triclads towards a hy0 v31 aReynoldson, T., B. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/176000416nas a2200121 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123300000900192490000600201100001700207700001800224856005200242 1966 eng d00aA preliminary checklist of Invertebrates collected from Lake Tahoe, 1961-19640 apreliminary checklist of Invertebrates collected from Lake Tahoe a1-120 v81 aFrantz, T.C.1 aCordone, A.J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/185000404nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260001100205490000700216100001900223856005200242 1964 eng d00aObservations on the fine structure of photoreceptor cells in the planarian Dugesia tigrina0 aObservations on the fine structure of photoreceptor cells in the c1964//0 v101 aMacRae, E., K. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5320(64)80013-700422nas a2200133 4500008004100000245006100041210006000102260001100162490000800173100001900181700001800200700001900218856005100237 1964 eng d00aPlanaria: Memory Transfer through Cannibalism Reexamined0 aPlanaria Memory Transfer through Cannibalism Reexamined c1964//0 v1461 aHartry, A., L.1 aKeith-Lee, P.1 aMorton, W., D. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.146.3641.27400395nas a2200097 4500008004100000245010500041210006900146300000800215100002200223856005200245 1963 eng d00aNorth American triclad Turbellaria. 16. Fresh-water planarians from the vicinity of Portland, Oregon0 aNorth American triclad Turbellaria 16 Freshwater planarians from a1-51 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttp://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/337800346nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005000041210005000091260001200141300000900153100002200162856005200184 1962 eng d00aSome land planarians from Caribbean countries0 aSome land planarians from Caribbean countries c10/1962 a1-251 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttp://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/342300698nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245012100055210006900176260001600245300001100261490000800272653001200280653001300292653001500305653001500320653001900335653001700354653001600371100001400387700001500401856005200416 1960 eng d a0001-403600aOn the distribution of neoblasts of Dugesia lugubris (Turbellaria, Tricladida) before and during regeneration0 adistribution of neoblasts of iDugesia lugubrisi Turbellaria Tric c1960 Mar 28 a2465-70 v25010aAnimals10aAnnelida10aAsteraceae10aplanarians10aPlatyhelminths10aregeneration10aTurbellaria1 aLENDER, T1 aGABRIEL, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/171000387nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003400041210003100075300001200106490000700118100003200125856012000157 1958 eng d00aOn South American Turbellaria0 aSouth American Turbellaria a391-4170 v301 aMarcus, Eveline, Du Bois-Re uhttp://planarias.each.usp.br/system/artigos/4/original/Du_BoisReymond_Marcus_1958_On_South_American_Turbellaria.pdf00486nas a2200109 4500008004100000245017000041210006900211300000900280100001700289700001800306856005200324 1958 eng d00aStudies on the Probursalia (Freshwater Triclade) of Hokkaido. I. On two new species of the genus Dendrocoelopsis Kenk, D. lacteus and D. ezensis0 aStudies on the Probursalia Freshwater Triclade of Hokkaido I On a9-181 aIchikawa, A.1 aOkugawa, K.I. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/180500363nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005900041210005900100300001200159490000700171100002300178856005200201 1956 eng d00aDeux Dendrocoeles obscuricoles de la Region Pyreneenne0 aDeux Dendrocoeles obscuricoles de la Region Pyreneenne a133-1400 v111 ade Beauchamp, Paul uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/178300392nas a2200121 4500008004100000245006700041210006600108260001100174490000700185100001700192700002200209856003900231 1955 eng d00aClassical conditioning in the planarian, Dugesia dorotocephala0 aClassical conditioning in the planarian Dugesia dorotocephala c1955//0 v481 aThompson, R.1 aMcConnell, J., V. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h004114700372nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007100041210006900112300001200181490000800193100002200201856003900223 1954 eng d00aNorth American Triclad Turbellaria XIII. Three new Cave Planarians0 aNorth American Triclad Turbellaria XIII Three new Cave Planarian a563-5730 v1031 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttp://biostor.org/reference/9720200453nas a2200097 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300000900197100002200206856012700228 1954 eng d00aSome land planarians of the United States and Europe, with remarks on nomenclature0 aSome land planarians of the United States and Europe with remark a1-211 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttp://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4911//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N1667.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y00383nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003300041210003300074300001000107490000700117100003200124856011700156 1953 eng d00aSome South American Triclads0 aSome South American Triclads a65-780 v251 aMarcus, Eveline, Du Bois-Re uhttp://planarias.each.usp.br/system/artigos/100/original/Bois-ReymondMarcus1953-SOME_SOUTH_AMERICAN_TRICLADS.pdf00353nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096300001400151490000700165100001900172856005200191 1951 eng d00aAppunti sulla distribuzione dei Tricladi in Italia0 aAppunti sulla distribuzione dei Tricladi in Italia a149–1640 v221 aBenazzi, Mario uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/175700407nam a2200097 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136260003400205100001800239856005200257 1951 eng d00aThe invertebrates vol 2: platyhelminthes and rhynchocoela the acoelomate bilateria. [S.l.]0 ainvertebrates vol 2 platyhelminthes and rhynchocoela the acoelom aNew YorkbMcGraw-Hillc1951//1 aHyman, L., H. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/157800333nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005100041210004700092300001200139490000700151100001300158856005200171 1950 eng d00aOn some Turbellarians from Sanshi, North China0 asome Turbellarians from Sanshi North China a188-1900 v591 aKato, K. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174400458nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245005800055210005100113260001600164300000800180490000800188653001200196653001900208100002100227856005200248 1948 eng d a0028-083600aBritish species of Polycelis (Platyhelminthes)0 aBritish species of iPolycelisi Platyhelminthes c1948 Oct 16 a6200 v16210aAnimals10aPlatyhelminths1 aREYNOLDSON, T, B uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/172900394nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008100041210006900122300001200191490000700203100002200210856005200232 1945 eng d00aNorth American Triclad Turbellaria XI. New chiefly cavernicolous, Planarians0 aNorth American Triclad Turbellaria XI New chiefly cavernicolous a475-4840 v341 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/182400445nas a2200109 4500008004100000245013000041210006900171260001200240490000900252100002200261856005200283 1943 eng d00aEndemic and exotic land planarians in the United States with a discussion of necessary changes of names in the Rhynchodemidae0 aEndemic and exotic land planarians in the United States with a d c08/19430 v12411 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttp://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/474000393nas a2200085 4500008004100000245008200041210006900123100001600192856009900208 1941 eng d00aA fresh-water triclad from Puerto Rico, Dugesia antillana, new species0 afreshwater triclad from Puerto Rico iDugesia antillanai new spec1 aKenk, Roman uhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/56875/OP436.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y00405nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009600041210006900137300001000206490000800216100001900224856005200243 1941 eng d00aDigonoporus macroposthia nov. gen., nov. spec., ein neuer paludicoler Tricladentypus0 aiDigonoporus macroposthiai nov gen nov spec ein neuer paludicole a18-240 v1361 aH, An, der Lan uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/179400416nas a2200133 4500008004100000022001400041245006300055210006300118260001600181300001000197490000700207100001600214856005200230 1940 eng d a0036-807500aNative and introduced land planarians in the United States0 aNative and introduced land planarians in the United States c1940 Aug 02 a105-60 v921 aHyman, L, H uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/169900368nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007100041210006200112300001000174490000600184100001600190856005200206 1940 eng d00aA new Dendrocoelum from Yugoslavia (Turbellaria Tricladida)0 anew iDendrocoelumi from Yugoslavia Turbellaria Tricladida a91-950 v41 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/181000802nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014700041210006900188300001000257490000700267520033500274100001900609856005200628 1940 eng d00aNuove osservazioni sul deter-minismo e sulla ereditarieta della riproduzione asessuale in una razza di Dugesia (Euplanaria) gonocephala0 aNuove osservazioni sul determinismo e sulla ereditarieta della r a25-310 v113 aAsexual reproduction may continue for many years unceasingly, giving rise to an active multiplication of the studied race. From the agamic cultures some sexual specimens were obtained, with a fecundity inferior to the normal. This confirms that the asexual reproduction is probably determined by peculiar genetic factors.
1 aBenazzi, Mario uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/176200397nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008700041210007000128300001100198490000700209100001900216856005200235 1940 eng d00aSulla sterilité degli exxemplari ex-scissipara di Dugesia dorotocephala II0 aSulla sterilité degli exxemplari exscissipara di iDugesia doroto a43-1450 v111 aBenazzi, Mario uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/176100396nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006800041210006600109300001200175490000700187100002200194856007000216 1939 eng d00aNew species of flatworms from North, Central, and South America0 aNew species of flatworms from North Central and South America a419-4390 v861 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/7569365#page/507/mode/1up00309nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003300041210003300074300001000107490000800117100002200125856005200147 1938 eng d00aLand Planarians from Yucatan0 aLand Planarians from Yucatan a23-320 v4911 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/177500500nas a2200121 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186260001200255300001200267490000700279100002200286856007000308 1937 eng d00aStudies on the morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of North American Triclad Turbellaria. VIII. Some cave planarians of the United States0 aStudies on the morphology taxonomy and distribution of North Ame c10/1937 a457-4770 v561 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/3222667?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents00532nas a2200109 4500008004100000245021900041210006900260300001200329490000700341100002200348856005200370 1937 eng d00aStudies on the morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of North American Triclad Turbellaria. VII. The two species confused under the name Phagocata gracilis, the validity of the generic name Phagocata0 aStudies on the morphology taxonomy and distribution of North Ame a298-3100 v561 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/179100325nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004400041210004400085300001000129490000800139100001600147856005200163 1936 eng d00aBemerkung zur Trikladenfauna Turkestans0 aBemerkung zur Trikladenfauna Turkestans a76-800 v1151 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/181600326nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004400041210004200085300001200127490000800139100001700147856005200164 1935 eng d00aPlanaria alpina Dana var alba nov. var.0 aPlanaria alpina Dana var alba nov var a264-2680 v1121 avan, Oye, EI uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/187400487nas a2200109 4500008004100000245017400041210006900215300001200284490000700296100002200303856005200325 1935 eng d00aStudies on the morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of North American triclad Turbellaria. VI. A new Dendrocoelid from Montana, Dendrocoelopsia vaginatus n. sp.0 aStudies on the morphology taxonomy and distribution of North Ame a338-3450 v541 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/180800312nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003400041210003400075300001100109490000700120100001600127856005900143 1935 eng d00aStudies on Virginian triclads0 aStudies on Virginian triclads a79-1330 v511 aKenk, Roman uhttp://dc.lib.unc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/jncas/id/163100399nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008500041210006900126300001200195490000700207100002300214856005200237 1932 eng d00aBiospeologica 56. Turbellaries, Hirudinees, Branchiobdellides. (Deuxième serie)0 aBiospeologica 56 Turbellaries Hirudinees Branchiobdellides Deuxi a113-3800 v731 ade Beauchamp, Paul uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/178100466nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176300000900245490000600254100001600260700001600276856005200292 1931 eng d00aEtudes sur l’ecologie de la faune cavernicole. I. Observations meteorologiques et hydrologiques dans la Podpeška jama 1929-19310 aEtudes sur l ecologie de la faune cavernicole I Observations met a5-240 v11 aKenk, Roman1 aSeliskar, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/182600393nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127300001200196490000700208100001600215856005200231 1930 eng d00aEuplanaria cretica Meixner, eine Triklade mit eigentuamlichem Druesenorgan0 aiEuplanaria creticai Meixner eine Triklade mit eigentuamlichem D a247-2530 v921 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/183100450nas a2200121 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136300002800205490000700233100001900240700001700259856005200276 1927 eng d00aDie Suesswasser-Tricladen des Westbalkans und die zoogeographischen Probleme dieser Gegend0 aDie SuesswasserTricladen des Westbalkans und die zoogeographisch a591-674, 23 f., t. 7-9.0 v531 aStanković, S.1 aKomárek, J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/181700402nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009500041210006900136300001200205490000700217100001600224856005200240 1927 eng d00aEine eigentuemliche Verdoppelung des Kopulationsaparates bei Polycelis tenuis Ijima0 aEine eigentuemliche Verdoppelung des Kopulationsaparates bei iPo a243-2490 v721 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/183000335nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004900041210004900090300001000139490000800149100001600157856005200173 1926 eng d00aUne nouvelle Triclade paludicole de Slovenie0 aUne nouvelle Triclade paludicole de Slovenie a28-340 v4-61 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/182900407nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001200209490000800221100001600229856005200245 1925 eng d00aDendrocoelides spelaea n.sp., nov jamski triklad (Turbellaria, Tricladida) iz Slovenije0 aiDendrocoelides spelaeai nsp nov jamski triklad Turbellaria Tric a153-1600 v2301 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/180700394nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007800041210006800119300002200187490000700209100001600216856005200232 1923 eng d00aBeiträge zur Kenntnis der Genera Bipalium und Rhynchodemus0 aBeiträge zur Kenntnis der Genera iBipaliumi und iRhynchodemusi a489-516 + Taf. 150 v461 aFrieb, Karl uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174100384nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007700041210006900118300001200187490000700199100001600206856005200222 1923 eng d00aDie Entwicklung und Regeneration des Kopulations apparates der Planarien0 aDie Entwicklung und Regeneration des Kopulations apparates der P a213-2500 v451 aKenk, Roman uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/182800415nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000700214100001600221856006800237 1922 eng d00aDie normale und regenerative Entwicklung des Copulationsapparates paludicoler Tricladen0 aDie normale und regenerative Entwicklung des Copulationsapparate a235-2370 v541 aKenk, Roman uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/94946#page/253/mode/1up00325nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004100041210004100082300001200123490000700135100002100142856005200163 1922 eng d00aNotes on some terrestrial planarians0 aNotes on some terrestrial planarians a155-1590 v101 aKaburaki, Tokiö uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174300440nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300000900225490000700234100002100241856006800262 1922 eng d00aOn some Japanese freshwater triclads; with a note on the parallelism in their distribution in Europe and Japan0 asome Japanese freshwater triclads with a note on the parallelism a1-710 v441 aKaburaki, Tokiö uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30335#page/285/mode/1up00361nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006000041210005300101300001700154490000700171100002100178856005200199 1922 eng d00aOn the terrestrial planarians from Japanese territories0 aterrestrial planarians from Japanese territories a1-54 + pl. I0 v441 aKaburaki, Tokiö uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174200381nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008600041210006900127260001100196490000700207100001900214856003800233 1918 eng d00aThigmotactic Reactions of the Fresh Water Turbellarian, Phagocata gracilis, Leidy0 aThigmotactic Reactions of the Fresh Water Turbellarian Phagocata c1918//0 v371 aWeimer, B., R. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.2307/322200100407nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001200209490000600221100001800227856005200245 1916 eng d00aRjabuschinskya schmidti n.g. n. spl, novyivid i rod Tricladida Paludicola iz' Kamchatki0 aiRjabuschinskya schmidtii ng n spl novyivid i rod Tricladida Pal a273-2860 v11 aZabusov, I.P. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/187300397nas a2200121 4500008004100000245005500041210005500096300001200151490000600163100001600169700002100185856006900206 1916 eng d00aPreliminary descriptions of some Japanese Triclada0 aPreliminary descriptions of some Japanese Triclada a153-1710 v91 aIjima, Isao1 aKaburaki, Tokiö uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151938#page/163/mode/1up00469nam a2200121 4500008004100000050001900041245010300060210006900163260002000232490000600252100003400258856005500292 1912 eng d a3908800746479500aDie Planarien des Baikal-Sees (Tricladen), systematisch, anatomisch und zoogoegraphisch bearbeitet0 aDie Planarien des BaikalSees Tricladen systematisch anatomisch u aKiev and Berlin0 v51 aKorotnev, Aleksei, Alekseevic uhttps://archive.org/details/wissenschaftlich05koro00424nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011700041210006900158300001200227490000600239100001700245856005200262 1912 eng d00aPlanaires terrestres de Colombie. In Fuhrmann, O., and Eug. Mayor, voyage d'exploration scientifique en Colombie0 aPlanaires terrestres de Colombie In Fuhrmann O and Eug Mayor voy a748-7920 v51 aFuhrmann, O. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/186500382nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005600041210005600097300002000153490000700173100002400180856006800204 1911 eng d00aBeiträge zur Kenntnis zentralasiatischer Tricladen0 aBeiträge zur Kenntnis zentralasiatischer Tricladen a31-67, pls. 5-70 v981 aSeidl, Heinrich, H. uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/208575#page/57/mode/1up00363nas a2200085 4500008004100000245010000041210006900141100001500210856005200225 1904 eng d00aUber eine neue polypharyngeale Planarienart aus Montenegro (Planaria montenegrina n.sp.)0 aUber eine neue polypharyngeale Planarienart aus Montenegro iPlan1 aMrazek, A. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/187500391nas a2200109 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128260001100197490000700208100001400215856005200229 1903 eng d00aThe movements and reactions of fresh-water planarians: A study in animal behaviour0 amovements and reactions of freshwater planarians A study in anim c1903//0 v461 aPearl, R. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/150500282nam a2200097 4500008004100000245001700041210001700058260004400075100001900119856004600138 1901 eng d00aRegeneration0 aRegeneration aNew YorkbThe Macmillan Companyc1901//1 aMorgan, T., H. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.8789500291nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003100041210003100072260001100103490000700114100001900121856004100140 1900 eng d00aRegeneration in planarians0 aRegeneration in planarians c1900//0 v101 aMorgan, T., H. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0215634700415nas a2200097 4500008004100000245006600041210006500107300001200172100002200184856011100206 1898 eng d00aBestimmungsschluessel für die Indo-Malayischen Landplanarien0 aBestimmungsschluessel für die IndoMalayischen Landplanarien a113-1271 avon Graff, Ludwig uhttps://books.google.com/books/reader?id=WpUsAAAAYAAJ&hl=es&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&pg=GBS.PA10900363nas a2200109 4500008004100000245006300041210006300104260001100167490000600178100001700184856005200201 1897 eng d00aObservations and experiments on regeneration in planarians0 aObservations and experiments on regeneration in planarians c1897//0 v51 aRandolph, H. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/164900517nas a2200109 4500008004100000245020400041210006900245300001400314490000700328100002000335856005200355 1896 eng d00aNotes on Turbellaria. 1. On the occurrence of Bipalium kewense (Moseley) in the United States. 2. On the Identity of Procotylus fluviatilis Leidy and Dendrocoelum lacteum Oersted0 aNotes on Turbellaria 1 On the occurrence of iBipalium kewensei M a1046-10490 v301 aWoodworth, W.M. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/186000336nas a2200097 4500008004100000245006100041210006100102300001000163100001300173856005200186 1892 eng d00aAdditional observations on the Victorian land planarians0 aAdditional observations on the Victorian land planarians a25-411 aDendy, A uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/178700357nas a2200109 4500008004100000245005400041210005400095300000700149490000700156100003200163856005200195 1891 eng d00aDeux expèces nouvelles de Planariés americaines0 aDeux expèces nouvelles de Planariés americaines a800 v131 aGirard, Charles, Frédéric uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/180000301nas a2200109 4500008004100000245003300041210003300074300000800107490000600115100001800121856005200139 1883 eng d00aZwei neue Arten von Bipalium0 aZwei neue Arten von Bipalium a1680 v61 aLoman, J.C.C. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/185300426nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009900041210007000140300001200210490000600222100001900228856006900247 1858 eng d00aÜber einige zum Teil neuen Arten von Platoden, Anneliden, Myriapoden und Crustaceen Sibiriens0 aÜber einige zum Teil neuen Arten von Platoden Anneliden Myriapod a261-2960 v81 aGerstfeldt, G. uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/114277#page/311/mode/1up00454nas a2200109 4500008004100000245012700041210006900168300001200237490000700249100002000256856006800276 1844 eng d00aBrief descriptions of several terrestrial planariae and of some remarkable marine species, with an account of their habits0 aBrief descriptions of several terrestrial planariae and of some a241-2510 v141 aDarwin, Charles uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19582#page/267/mode/1up02101nas a2200313 4500008004000000020001400040245008400054210006900138300000800207520122900215653001401444653001401458653001301472653001201485653001301497653001201510653000801522653000901530653001401539653001001553653001501563653001401578100002201592700003401614700001801648700001601666700003301682856007201715 0 engd a1084-952100aIt is not all about regeneration: Planarians striking power to stand starvation0 aIt is not all about regeneration Planarians striking power to st a - 3 aAbstractAll living forms, prokaryotes as eukaryotes, have some means of adaptation to food scarcity, which extends the survival chances under extreme environmental conditions. Nowadays we know that dietary interventions, including fasting, extends lifespan of many organisms and can also protect against age-related diseases including in humans. Therefore, the capacity of adapting to periods of food scarcity may have evolved billions of years ago not only to allow immediate organismal survival but also to be able to extend organismal lifespan or at least to lead to a healthier remaining lifespan. Planarians have been the center of attention since more than two centuries because of their astonishing power of full body regeneration that relies on a large amount of adult stem cells or neoblasts. However, they also present an often-overlooked characteristic. They are able to stand long time starvation. Planarians have adapted to periods of fasting by shrinking or degrowing. Here we will review the published data about starvation in planarians and conclude with the possibility of starvation being one of the processes that rejuvenate the planarian, thus explaining the historical notion of non-ageing planarians. 10aApoptosis10aAutophagy10aDegrowth10aFasting10aFlatworm10aInsulin10aJNK10amTOR10aplanarian10aScale10aStarvation10astem cell1 aFelix, Daniel, A.1 aGutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Óscar1 aEspada, Lilia1 aThems, Anne1 aGonzález-Estévez, Cristina uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S108495211730198202052nas a2200193 4500008004000000020001400040245013500054210006900189300000800258520140500266653001101671653001301682653002201695653001301717653001701730653002001747100001901767856007201786 0 engd a1084-952100aPlanarian regeneration between 1960s and 1990s: From skilful baffled ancestors to bold integrative descendants. A personal account0 aPlanarian regeneration between 1960s and 1990s From skilful baff a - 3 aAbstractScientific fields grow by accretion of knowledge brought up by succesive generations of scientists. With the field of planarian regeneration as a general background, here I give a personal account of it from the late 1960s until the late 1990s when new research groups, namely Americans, broke into it. After a short historical summary, I report how I got into regeneration, why I choose planarians, and most especially the finding and description of the current model organism Schmidtea mediterranea. Next, I concentrate on the quantitative cellular approaches to regeneration, growth, and degrowth undertaken in our lab in Barcelona, and the long struggle to set neoblasts as a totipotent/pluripotent heterogeneous population of mitotic and non-mitotic cells for homeostatic somatic cell renewal, reproduction, and blastema formation during regeneration. Finally, the first attempts by several labs to analyze regeneration in molecular terms (RNAs, proteins, mAbs, gene detection, cloning and expression) are also covered. Along this essay, I am honoured to pay due tribute to our forebears (ancestors) from Morgan and Child to the French School researchers. In spite of being often baffled by planarian ‘tricks’, they struggled hard to find new techniques, new ways, and new ideas to tackle the main problems of regeneration, paving the way to those (descendants) that followed suit. 10aGrowth10aNeoblast10aPattern formation10aplanaria10aregeneration10aS. mediterranea1 aBAGUÑA, JAUME uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084952117301994