@article {1760, title = {The distribution and abundance of lake-dwelling triclads - towards a hypothesis}, journal = {Advances in Ecological Research}, volume = {3}, year = {1966}, chapter = {1-71}, author = {Reynoldson, T. B.} } @article {1707, title = {Predation on snails by three species of triclad and its bearing on the distribution of Planaria torva in Britain}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {189}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {459 - 484}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {

Dugesia polychroa, D. lugubris and Planaria torva preyed upon snails of differing morphologies and while the Dugesia spp. fed approximately in proportion to snail abundance, PL torva was more selective on Potamopyrgus jenkinsi. The incidence of feeding on four snail taxa by the Dugesia spp. was significantly correlated and differed strikingly from that of PI. torva where feeding was related to its annual life cycle. Large peaks of feeding coincided in the Dugesia spp. for the four snail types; this was attributed to snail vulnerability being increased by environmental disturbance. Comparison of feeding by Dugesia spp. in the presence and absence of PI. torva indicated that severe competition was occurring for food with PI. torva having a food refuge in P. jenkinsi. The distribution of PI. torva in Britain is largely confined to productive habitats in the Glasgow-Edinburgh and East Anglia regions. It is concluded that historical rather than ecological events have played the major part in its distribution to date. The strong association of PL torva with port areas and the canal system suggests that it is a recent introduction via the timber trade with Fennoscania.

}, isbn = {1469-7998}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03974.x}, author = {Reynoldson, T. B. and Piearce, Bronwen} } @article {1706, title = {The food of Planaria torva (M{\"u}ller) (Turbellaria-Tricladida), a laboratory and field study}, journal = {Freshwater Biology}, volume = {6}, year = {1976}, month = {1976}, pages = {383 - 393}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {

The food of Planaria torva was examined in the laboratory by exposing a range of potential prey to the triclad and observing prey mortality. Under these conditions P. torva fed mainly upon tubificid oligochaetes and gastropods. The former activity was regarded as untypical of the field situation and due to limitations of the laboratory habitat. The food of P. torva was determined in the field by taking monthly samples from October 1967 to May 1969 of a population living in Linlithgow Loch, West Lothian, Scotland. A serological technique was used to examine the gut contents of the field triclads. For reasons explained in the text, the prey organisms tested for serologically were gastropods, oligochaetes (Tubificidae), Asellus and chironomid larvae. Planaria torva fed most extensively on Gastropoda, Asellus was the second main food while Tubificidae and Chironomidae were taken only seasonally and in small numbers. The limited extent of feeding on tubificids supports the laboratory data. Small P. torva gave proportionately fewer positive reactions to the prey antisera than large individuals. This was explained by the fact that small individuals occurred most frequently in the warmer months and took smaller meals; both of these features shorten the detection period of food in the gut and therefore give fewer reactions. The diet of small and large P. torva was similar in the field and showed considerable overlap with that of Dugesia polychroa. The food of Polycelis tenuis, Dendrocoelum lacteum and Dugesia polychroa in Linlithgow Loch was described on an annual basis and the results confirmed earlier observations.

}, isbn = {1365-2427}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1976.tb01623.x}, author = {Reynoldson, T. B. and SEFTON, A. D.} } @article {JZO:JZO99, title = {The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {157}, number = {1}, year = {1969}, pages = {99{\textendash}123}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {

Planaria torva was described originally by O. F. M\üller in 1774 under the generic name Fasciola. The synonyms arising since have been critically evaluated and the many varied morphological descriptions of this species are reviewed. The identity of this species in Britain has been confirmed by detailed examination of external and internal anatomy and it is shown that Planaria torfrida, described from Britain by Perkins (1928), is a synonym of Planaria torva. Dugesia lugubris (Schmidt, 1862) is the species most likely to be confused with Planaria torva and convenient methods of separating these species are described. The validity of all available British records has been examined and new localities described. Planaria torva occurs in England, Scotland and Ireland but has a markedly discontinuous distribution. There are real concentrations of habitats in the Edinburgh and Glasgow areas where the species also forms a larger proportion of the triclad population than usual. The species is markedly eurytopic and occurs in a wide range of lotic and lentic habitats, although most of them are calcium rich by British standards. It is not yet possible to offer a sound explanation for these facts because the ecology of Planaria torva is insufficiently known.

}, issn = {1469-7998}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x}, author = {Ball, Ian R. and Reynoldson, T. B. and Warwick, T.} }