@article {1865, title = {Planaires terrestres de Colombie. In Fuhrmann, O., and Eug. Mayor, voyage d{\textquoteright}exploration scientifique en Colombie}, journal = {Memoires de la Soci{\'e}t{\'e} Neuchateloise de Sciences Naturelles}, volume = {5}, year = {1912}, pages = {748-792}, author = {Fuhrmann, O.} } @article {1864, title = {Index to species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae}, journal = {The Bulletin of Fuji Women{\textquoteright}s College}, volume = {28}, year = {1990}, pages = {79-166}, author = {Robert E. Ogren and Masaharu Kawakatsu} } @article {1790, title = {Brief descriptions of several terrestrial planariae and of some remarkable marine species, with an account of their habits}, journal = {The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology being a continuation of the Annals combined with Loudon and Charlesworth{\textquoteright}s Magazine of Natural History}, volume = {14}, year = {1844}, pages = {241-251}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/19582$\#$page/267/mode/1up}, author = {Charles Darwin} } @article {1789, title = {Some land planarians from Caribbean countries}, journal = {American Museum Novitates}, year = {1962}, month = {10/1962}, pages = {1-25}, url = {http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/3423}, author = {Libbie H. Hyman} } @article {1708, title = {Anatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida).}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3931}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Mar 11}, pages = {27-40}, abstract = {

Two new land planarian species, collected in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described. Their external aspect is similar to that of Imbira marcusi Carbayo et al., 2013 and Pseudogeoplana theresopolitana (Schirch, 1929), respectively. The analysis of the internal organs, however, revealed they belong to the genus Cratera. The male copulatory organs of one species is very different from any other geoplaninid, for the penis papilla holds a large, distal cavity receiving the ejaculatory duct and, furthermore, the papilla projects vertically downwards from the roof of the male atrium. Thus we consider it as a new species, Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. The second species differs from its congeners in that the dorsal insertion of the penis papilla is anterior to the ventral one, and in that the female atrium is narrowed in the anterior portion. The species was found in the type locality of Pseudogeoplana theresopolitana (Schirch, 1929) and compares well with it in the external features. However, since its internal organs are unknown and the type material of the species is seemingly lost, we describe it as Cratera anamariae Carbayo, sp. nov.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brazil, Genitalia, Male, Male, planarians}, issn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.2}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and Almeida, Ana Laura} } @article {ZSC:ZSC12175, title = {Non-destructive imaging to describe a new species of Obama land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)}, journal = {Zoologica Scripta}, volume = {45}, number = {5}, year = {2016}, pages = {566{\textendash}578}, abstract = {

The land planarians in the genus Obama include the largest species of the Neotropical Geoplaninae. Morphological discrimination of Obama species can be difficult, as many species are morphologically similar and some present asymmetric \– difficult to interpret \– copulatory organs. New techniques are thus welcomed to provide faster species description and identification. Here, we study several specimens of Obama by means of mainly 2D and 3D \μCT-based images obtained through X-ray microcomputed tomography (\μCT) of a paratype, and, complementarily, histological sections of the holotype and a second paratype, which were digitized into virtual slides. Comparison of these images with traditional histological sections and descriptions of the known species of the genus allows us to conclude that our specimens constitute a new species, which we describe here. We further evaluate the phylogenetic placement of the new species using gene fragments from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear elongation factor-1\α. Raw and derivative \μCT data and virtual histological sections were deposited in an open repository (GigaDB) and are freely available. This work leads us to conclude that \μCT constitutes a relatively fast, inexpensive non-destructive method that produces results comparable to those of traditional histology, and is thus amenable for describing flatworm species.

}, issn = {1463-6409}, doi = {10.1111/zsc.12175}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12175}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and Francoy, Tiago M. and Giribet, Gonzalo} } @article {1679, title = {First report of the genus Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Argentina, with description of a new species and comments on the species of the genus}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {610}, year = {2016}, month = {11/08/2016}, pages = {1-12}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, abstract = {

A new species of land planarians of the genus Cratera is described. Cratera viridimaculata sp. n. was recorded in the Atlantic Forest Ecoregion, in north-eastern Argentina, and represents the first report of the genus Cratera outside Brazil. The new species is about 50 mm in length and externally characterized by a color pattern consisting of a light green olive pigmentation on the dorsum, stippled with dark gray fine spots, and dorsal eyes. Other features regarding the internal anatomy are the presence of a glandular margin, Cutaneous Muscular Index (CMI) of 10\–13\%, pharynx cylindrical, prostatic vesicle extrabulbar, tubular and C-shaped, with a proximal bifurcated portion, penis papilla protrusible with ejaculatory duct widened in its distal portion, and female atrium funnel-shaped. The new species is compared and discussed with its congeners.

}, isbn = {1313-29891313-2970}, url = {https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.610.9465}, author = {Lisandro Negrete and Francisco Bursa} } @article {1677, title = {Three new species of Cratera Carbayo et al., 2013 from Araucaria forests with a key to species of the genus (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, year = {2017}, month = {2017}, pages = {1 - 32}, publisher = {Pensoft Publishers}, abstract = {

Areas of Araucaria moist forest have been considered to constitute hotspots of land flatworm diversity, harbouring a high number of undescribed species. Herein we describe three new species of land flatworms of Cratera occurring in such type of forest in south Brazil. The three species are differentiated from their congeners mainly by their colour pattern, anatomy of the pharynx and prostatic vesicle, and details of the penis papilla and male atrium. An identification key to species of the genus in the Neotropical region is provided.

}, isbn = {1313-29891313-2970}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5242264/}, author = {Rossi, Ilana and Leal-Zanchet, Ana} } @article {ZOJ:ZOJ12358, title = {The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {177}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, pages = {5{\textendash}28}, abstract = {

Since 2008 there have been many records in Europe (British Isles, Spain, France, Italy) of a large terrestrial planarian morphologically very similar to the Brazilian species Obama marmorata. Sequences of mitochondrial (Cox1) and nuclear (18S, 28S, ITS-1 and EF) genes from European specimens and some from Brazil indicate that they belong to a species different from that of other specimens also collected in Brazil. Moreover, the phylogenetic results show that they are not sister-species. Histological sections of both Brazilian and European specimens reveal subtle morphological differences between the two species. Obama marmorata is confined to Brazil, and the second, herein described new species, Obama nungara sp. nov., is found in Brazil and Europe. These cryptic species may be syntopic in areas in Brazil. The new species occurs in human-modified environments both in Brazil and in Europe. We also conclude that the specimens from Spain and Argentina identified previously as Obama marmorata belong to the new species.

}, keywords = {BPP, Continenticola, Cox I gene, Geoplana, GMYC, histology, morphology, phylogeny, planarians}, issn = {1096-3642}, doi = {10.1111/zoj.12358}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12358}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and {\'A}lvarez-Presas, Marta and Jones, Hugh D. and Riutort, Marta} } @booklet {1547, title = {Micro-computed tomography scan and virtual histological slide data for the land planarian Obama otavioi (Platyhelminthes)}, volume = {5}, year = {2016}, month = {2016//}, pages = {1 - 7}, abstract = {

We investigated whether images obtained through X-ray micro-computed tomography (\μCT) can be used in conjunction with traditional methods for morphological studies of soft-bodied land planarians. \μCT is non-invasive and provides true-to-scale three-dimensional imagery at high resolution. We compared \μCT-based images of a recently described land planarian species of Obama otavioi (Platyhelminthes) with those obtained from light microphotography of histological sections, most of which were also digitized at high magnification.

}, isbn = {2047-217X}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13742-016-0119-4}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and Lenihan, Jennifer Winifred} } @article {1493, title = {Evolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and Free-Living Flatworms}, journal = {PLoS ONE}, volume = {10}, year = {2015}, month = {2015}, pages = {e0120081}, publisher = {Public Library of Science}, address = {San Francisco, CA USA}, abstract = {

Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are useful and relatively accessible sources of molecular data to explore and understand the evolutionary history and relationships of eukaryotic organisms across diverse taxonomic levels. The availability of complete mitogenomes from Platyhelminthes is limited; of the 40 or so published most are from parasitic flatworms (Neodermata). Here, we present the mitogenomes of two free-living flatworms (Tricladida): the complete genome of the freshwater species Crenobia alpina (Planariidae) and a nearly complete genome of the land planarian Obama sp. (Geoplanidae). Moreover, we have reanotated the published mitogenome of the species Dugesia japonica (Dugesiidae). This contribution almost doubles the total number of mtDNAs published for Tricladida, a species-rich group including model organisms and economically important invasive species. We took the opportunity to conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses between available free-living and selected parasitic flatworms in order to gain insights into the putative effect of life cycle on nucleotide composition through mutation and natural selection. Unexpectedly, we did not find any molecular hallmark of a selective relaxation in mitogenomes of parasitic flatworms; on the contrary, three out of the four studied free-living triclad mitogenomes exhibit higher A+T content and selective relaxation levels. Additionally, we provide new and valuable molecular data to develop markers for future phylogenetic studies on planariids and geoplanids.

}, isbn = {1932-6203}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368550/}, author = {Sol{\`a}, Eduard and {\'A}lvarez-Presas, Marta and Fr{\'\i}as-L{\'o}pez, Cristina and Littlewood, D Timothy J and Rozas, Julio and Riutort, Marta}, editor = {Escriva, Hector} } @article {boll_predation_2015, title = {Predation on invasive land gastropods by a {Neotropical} land planarian}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {49}, number = {17-18}, year = {2015}, pages = {983{\textendash}994}, issn = {0022-2933, 1464-5262}, doi = {10.1080/00222933.2014.981312}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933.2014.981312}, author = {Boll, Piter Kehoma and Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria} } @book {410, title = {Monographie der Turbellarien. II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien)}, volume = {2}, year = {1899}, pages = {574}, publisher = {Wilhelm Engelmann}, organization = {Wilhelm Engelmann}, address = {Leipzig}, url = {http://edoc.hu-berlin.de/ebind/hdok/h07_turbellarien_2/XML/index.xml?part=thumb}, author = {Graff, L. von} } @article {714, title = {Prodromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum, Pacificum Septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Johanne Rodgers Duce, observavit et descripsit. Pars. I. Turbellaria Dendrocoela}, journal = {Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia}, volume = {9}, year = {1857}, pages = {19-31}, url = {http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84745$\#$page/33/mode/1up}, author = {W. Stimpson} } @article {54, title = {The Classification and Reproductive Organs of New Zealand Land Planarians. Part IV}, journal = {Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand 1868-1961}, volume = {83}, year = {1956}, pages = {505-514}, chapter = {505}, author = {Fyfe, Marion L.} } @article {37, title = {Predation behaviour of land planarians}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {305}, year = {1995}, month = {1995}, pages = {105-111}, chapter = {105}, author = {Robert E. Ogren} } @article {36, title = {Cytogenetic studies of two land-planarian species from Brazil: Geoplana marginata and Issoca rezendei (Tricladida, Terricola)}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {227}, number = {1}, year = {1991}, month = {1991}, pages = {169-173}, chapter = {169}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027598}, author = {Almeida, Eunice Judith and Yamada, Cec{\'\i}lia Mikie and Eudoxia Maria Froehlich} } @article {38, title = {Two new species of Geoplanidae (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola)from Brazil.}, journal = {J. Zool}, volume = {253}, year = {2001}, pages = {433-446}, chapter = {433}, author = {Leal-Zanchet, A. M. and Carbayo, F.} } @article {39, title = {Terrestrial flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) diversity versus man-induced disturbance in an ombrophilous forest in southern Brazil}, journal = {Biodiversity and Conservation}, volume = {11}, number = {6}, year = {2002}, month = {2002}, pages = {1091-1104}, chapter = {1091}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1015865005604}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria and Vieira, Emerson M.} } @article {40, title = {Additions and corrections of the previous land planarian indices of the world (Turbellaria, Seriata, Tricladida, Terricola)}, journal = {Bull.Fuji Women{\textquoteright}s College}, volume = {39}, number = {11}, year = {2001}, month = {2001}, pages = {11-120}, chapter = {11}, author = {Masaharu Kawakatsu and Robert E. Ogren and Froehlich, E.M. and Sasakil, G.Y} } @article {89, title = {A new species of terrestrial planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) from South Brazil}, journal = {Brazilian Journal of Biology}, volume = {61}, number = {3}, year = {2001}, chapter = {1519}, author = {Carbayo, F. and Leal-Zanchet, A. M.} } @article {30, title = {Two new genera of geoplaninid land planarians (Platyhelminthes : Tricladida : Terricola) of Brazil in the light of cephalic specialisations}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {17}, year = {2003}, month = {2003}, pages = {449-468}, chapter = {449}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and Leal-Zanchet, A. M.} } @article {53, title = {Redescription of Choeradoplana iheringi Graff (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola)}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Zoologia}, volume = {20}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, month = {09/2003}, pages = {523{\textendash}530}, chapter = {523}, author = {Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria and Souza, Simone} } @article {294, title = {Redescription of two land planarian species of Notogynaphallia Ogren \& Kawakatsu (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplaninae) and confirmation of the heterogeneity of the genus}, journal = {Revista Brasileira de Zoologia}, volume = {23}, number = {3}, year = {2006}, pages = {746-757}, chapter = {746}, abstract = {

Notogynaphallia caissara (E.M. Froehlich, 1955) and N. fita (Froehlich, 1959) are redescribed. Both species are included in the so-called group 2 of E.M. Froehlich \& Leal-Zanchet (2003), in Notogynaphallia, and are provided with a cephalic retractor muscle derived from the ventral longitudinal subepidermic muscle layer. A muscle retractor does not exist in the type-species of the genus. This is strong evidence of the morphological heterogeneity within the genus, as E.M. Froehlich \& Leal-Zanchet (2003) previously proposed mainly based on characters of the reproductive organs.

}, doi = {10.1590/S0101-81752006000300020}, author = {Carbayo, F.} } @article {51, title = {Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, with three new species) and nemertines of Bermuda}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1001}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {31{\textendash}58}, chapter = {31}, author = {Hugh D. Jones and Sterrer, Wolfgang} } @article {34, title = {Community composition of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) of the National Park of Aparados da Serra, Brazil.}, journal = {Iheringia.S{\'e}rie Zoologia}, volume = {96}, number = {3}, year = {2006}, month = {30/09/2006}, pages = {293-297}, chapter = {293}, author = {Baptista, Vanessa A. and Matos, Lisiane B. and Fick, Israel A. and Leal-Zanchet, Ana M.} } @article {35, title = {A new species of land planarian of Gigantea Ogren and Kawakatsu, 1990 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from Colombia, with taxonomic remarks on the genus}, journal = {Italian Journal of Zoology}, volume = {75}, number = {1}, year = {2008}, month = {05/2008}, pages = {85-95}, chapter = {85}, issn = {1125-0003}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/11250000701693255}, author = {Carbayo, F.} } @article {288, title = {Predatory behavior of the land flatworm Notogynaphallia abundans (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)}, journal = {Zoologia}, volume = {26}, number = {4}, year = {2009}, pages = {606-612}, chapter = {606}, abstract = {

Land flatworms are carnivorous, mainly predators. However, knowledge on their predatory behavior and prey preference is very scarce. This paucity of data is a limiting factor in the study of their biology and organismal ecology, resulting in a very difficult task to breed them in the laboratory for prolonged periods if prey preference and predation frequency are unknown. We investigated the predatory behavior of Notogynaphallia abundans (Graff, 1899), Geoplaninae, based on laboratory experiments. In order to determine its predatory choices, we offered mollusks, earthworms, arthropods, and other land flatworms. Only land isopods were accepted, with an average consumption of 3.4 individuals per week. Linear regression showed a positive relationship between the number of consumed isopods and the increase/decrease in body mass. Consumption resulting in an increase in body mass was ca. four isopods per week. Predatory behavior, with a mean time-span of 28 min 45 s \± 15 min 47 s, includes encounter and capture of prey, immobilization, handling and feeding. Variation in the duration of this activity in N. abundans is clearly due to variations in the time necessary for transferring the prey from either the anterior or posterior thirds of the body to the mouth, as well as for external digestion and ingestion. In order to capture very active and fast-moving animals such as land isopods, N. abundans employs various strategies, using either the anterior or the posterior body regions to press the prey against the ground or against its own body, thus allowing it to deal with various responses by the prey, and thereby maximizing predatory success. Similar to other flatworms, both physical holding and entrapment in a mucous secretion are of fundamental importance for prey-immobilization. The different strategies employed by land flatworms in their predatory behavior are discussed, and behavioral plasticity in the capture and immobilization of prey in different platyhelminth groups is emphasized.

}, doi = {10.1590/S1984-46702009005000011}, author = {Prasniski, M. E. T. and Leal-Zanchet, Ana M.} } @article {280, title = {A new Peruvian land planarian species of the genus Gigantea (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2422}, year = {2010}, pages = {43-52}, chapter = {43}, abstract = {

A new species of Geoplaninae land planarian from south Peru, Gigantea urubambensis sp. nov., is described. The most outstanding features of the new species are the very dorsal location of the testes, between the dorsal diagonal and the supra-intestinal parenchymatic muscle layers; a penis papilla projecting from the roof of the male atrium and acentrally traversed by the ejaculatory duct; and the absence of glandular ridges on the penis papilla.

}, url = {http://planarias.each.usp.br/system/artigos/75/original/18-Negrete-et_al-2010-Gigantea-urubambensis.pdf}, author = {Negrete, L. H. and Brusa, F. and Carbayo, F.} } @article {178, title = {A new genus for seven Brazilian land planarian species, split off from Notogynaphallia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida).}, journal = {Belg. J. Zool.}, volume = {140 (Suppl)}, year = {2010}, pages = {91-101}, author = {Carbayo, F.} } @article {277, title = {Three new species of land flatworms and comments on a complex of species in the genus Geoplana Stimpson (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3338}, year = {2012}, pages = {1-32}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Three new species of Geoplana Stimpson, 1857 from south Brazil, Geoplana ficki sp. nov., G. carbayoi sp. nov., and G. baptistae sp. nov., with dark, nearly homogeneous dorsum, reddish or orange venter, and eyes spreading over the dorsum, are described. The three can be included in the Graff group of \“large, broad and flat species\”, designated the G. applanatagroup by C. G. Froehlich (1967). The first described species presenting this pattern was G. rufiventris Schultze \& M\üller, 1857. Later, several other authors described various species exhibiting the \“dark dorsal surface and orange or reddish ventral side\” pattern. These species constitute an assemblage which will be here designated the G. rufiventris-complex. Apart from presenting a similar pattern, a further considerable difficulty in differentiating these taxa from the other large, broad and flat species of the genus Geoplana which were included in Froehlich\’s original G. applanata-group, resides in their possessing a very homogeneous copulatory apparatus. Characteristics of their external and internal morphology are here discussed to simplify the differentiation of sub-groups and comparison of species.

}, url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/2/zt03338p032.pdf}, author = {Amaral, Silvana V. and Oliveira, Simone M. and Leal-Zanchet, A. M.} } @article {309, title = {Two new land planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest}, journal = {Zoologia (Curitiba)}, volume = {29}, number = {5}, year = {2012}, pages = {430{\textendash}438}, author = {Ana Laura Almeida and Raquel Gualda Kishimoto and Carbayo, Fernando} } @article {311, title = {Two new species of land flatworms and comments on the genus Pasipha Ogren \& Kawakatsu, 1990 (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3583}, year = {2012}, pages = {1{\textendash}21}, author = {Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria and ILANA ROSSI and ANA L{\'U}CIA RAMOS SEITENFUS and JULIANA ALVARENGA} } @article {278, title = {Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2804}, year = {2011}, pages = {41-55}, chapter = {41}, abstract = {

Many species of land flatworms have been described based on specimens, or even on a single specimen, from a sole locality. Thus, populational or individual variations are poorly known. The external morphology of Geoplana multicolor Graff, 1899 was first described based on a single specimen from the vicinities of the city of S\ão Paulo, South Brazil. Marcus (1951) analysed specimens from S\ão Paulo with a similar external aspect and considered them as conspecific with G. multicolor, describing their internal anatomy. In the present work, we amplify the known distribution of the species, by registering its occurrence in four localities of southern Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul), and comparatively analyse this relatively ample material, which includes different developmental phases. The description of histological aspects, especially those regarding musculature and secretory cells of the copulatory organs, has been enhanced and amplified after the present analysis. Thus, the description of G. multicolor is here complemented, with an improvement on the interpretation of important taxonomical characters. In addition, the paper reports, for the first time, the occurrence of an ejaculate attached to the atrial wall of a species of Geoplaninae which presents a penis papilla, and briefly discusses its significance.

}, url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02804p055f.pdf}, author = {Leal-Zanchet, Ana M. and Matos, Lisiane B.} } @article {153, title = {Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) as a model organism for fine-scale phylogeographic studies: understanding patterns of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot}, journal = {Journal of Evolutionary Biology}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, year = {2011}, pages = {887-896}, chapter = {887}, abstract = {

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest is one of the richest biodiversity hotspots of the world. Paleoclimatic models have predicted two large stability regions in its northern and central parts, whereas southern regions might have suffered strong instability during Pleistocene glaciations. Molecular phylogeographic and endemism studies show, nevertheless, contradictory results: although some results validate these predictions, other data suggest that paleoclimatic models fail to predict stable rainforest areas in the south. Most studies, however, have surveyed species with relatively high dispersal rates whereas taxa with lower dispersion capabilities should be better predictors of habitat stability. Here, we have used two land planarian species as model organisms to analyse the patterns and levels of nucleotide diversity on a locality within the Southern Atlantic Forest. We find that both species harbour high levels of genetic variability without exhibiting the molecular footprint of recent colonization or population expansions, suggesting a long-term stability scenario. The results reflect, therefore, that paleoclimatic models may fail to detect refugia in the Southern Atlantic Forest, and that model organisms with low dispersal capability can improve the resolution of these models.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02220.x}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02220.x/abstract}, author = {Marta {\'A}lvarez-Presas and Carbayo, Fernando and Julio Rozas and Marta Riutort} } @article {753, title = {Carnivore mollusks as natural enemies of invasive land flatworms}, journal = {Annals of Applied Biology}, volume = {161}, number = {2}, year = {2012}, pages = {127-131}, abstract = {

There are several records of the carnivorous behaviour of land flatworms, considered to be top-predators in their micro-habitats, by preying upon various species of invertebrates. However, there is little knowledge of predators on land-flatworms. The possible impact of invasive land flatworms on prey populations has caused widespread concern, when considering their predatory behaviour, combined with recent human influence on the distribution of certain species. This work is the first record of predation on land flatworms by a carnivorous snail. Various-sized land flatworms of 10 native species of the subfamily Geoplaninae, as well as the exotic species Bipalium kewense (subfamily Bipaliinae), were offered to Rectartemon depressus (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae), which accepted all. The predator also fed on the snail Bradybaena similaris. The snails were maintained in laboratory for an average period of 12?months based on a mixed diet of flatworms and B. similaris, suggesting that the snail is a polyphagous predator. Because certain land-flatworm species have been described as invasive species which may have a potential impact on prey populations in native and man-made ecosystems, it is proposed that carnivorous snails of other native species, as potential predators of flatworms, should be tested for possible use in biological control programmes of these invasive planarians.

}, issn = {0003-4746}, doi = {10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00556.x}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00556.x/abstract}, author = {Lemos, V. S. and Canello, R. and Leal-Zanchet, A. M.} } @article {310, title = {Choeradoplana crassiphalla sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae): a new species of land planarian from the Atlantic Forest of Argentina.}, journal = {Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment}, volume = {47}, number = {3}, year = {2012}, pages = {227-237}, author = {Negrete, L. and Brusa, F.} } @article {304, title = {Reflections on the genus Amaga Ogren and Kawakatsu 1990, and description of a new genus of land planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae)}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {46}, year = {2012}, pages = {1529-1546}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.691996}, url = {http://planarias.each.usp.br/system/artigos/56/original/27-Grau-et-al-2012-Reflections.pdf}, author = {Grau, J. H. and Ronald Sluys and Froehlich, E. and Fernando Carbayo} } @article {303, title = {Three new Brazilian species of the land planarian Choeradoplana (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplaninae), and an emendation of the genus}, journal = {Journal of Natural History}, volume = {46}, number = {19-20}, year = {2012}, pages = {1153-1177}, author = {Carbayo, F. and Froehlich, E.M.} } @article {476, title = {Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions}, journal = {Zoologica Scripta}, volume = {42}, number = {5}, year = {2013}, pages = {508-528}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and Marta {\'A}lvarez-Presas and Olivares, Cl{\'a}udia T. and Marques, Fernando P. L. and Froehlich, Eud{\'o}xia and M. Riutort, Marta} } @article {728, title = {A new species of Supramontana Carbayo \& Leal-Zanchet (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) from the Interior Atlantic Forest}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3753}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, chapter = {177}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.7}, author = {NEGRETE, LISANDRO and Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria and BRUSA, FRANCISCO} } @article {768, title = {Insights into the origin and distribution of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic forest hot spot: a statistical phylogeographic study using a low-dispersal organism}, journal = {Heredity}, year = {2014}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1038/hdy.2014.3.}, author = {Marta {\'A}lvarez-Presas and S{\'a}nchez-Gracia, A. and Carbayo, F. and Rozas, J. and M Riutort} } @article {775, title = {A new species of land flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from areas of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3794}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, pages = {514-524}, author = {ILANA ROSSI and Marcela Fontoura and Silvana Amaral and Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria} }