@article {1893, title = {Planarian regeneration between 1960s and 1990s: From skilful baffled ancestors to bold integrative descendants. A personal account}, pages = { - }, abstract = {AbstractScientific fields grow by accretion of knowledge brought up by succesive generations of scientists. With the field of planarian regeneration as a general background, here I give a personal account of it from the late 1960s until the late 1990s when new research groups, namely Americans, broke into it. After a short historical summary, I report how I got into regeneration, why I choose planarians, and most especially the finding and description of the current model organism Schmidtea mediterranea. Next, I concentrate on the quantitative cellular approaches to regeneration, growth, and degrowth undertaken in our lab in Barcelona, and the long struggle to set neoblasts as a totipotent/pluripotent heterogeneous population of mitotic and non-mitotic cells for homeostatic somatic cell renewal, reproduction, and blastema formation during regeneration. Finally, the first attempts by several labs to analyze regeneration in molecular terms (RNAs, proteins, mAbs, gene detection, cloning and expression) are also covered. Along this essay, I am honoured to pay due tribute to our forebears (ancestors) from Morgan and Child to the French School researchers. In spite of being often baffled by planarian {\textquoteleft}tricks{\textquoteright}, they struggled hard to find new techniques, new ways, and new ideas to tackle the main problems of regeneration, paving the way to those (descendants) that followed suit. }, keywords = {Growth, Neoblast, Pattern formation, planaria, regeneration, S. mediterranea}, isbn = {1084-9521}, url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1084952117301994}, author = {BAGU{\~N}A, JAUME} } @article {1765, title = {Sperm resorption in triclads (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)}, journal = {Invertebrate Reproduction and Development}, volume = {15}, year = {1989}, pages = {89-95}, abstract = {

Triclads use the excess of spermatozoa received from the partner during copulation as an additional source of nutritive material. Digestion of sperm takes place in various sperm resorptive organs, such as the copulatory bursa, lateral bursae, spermiduct, resorptive vesicles, and oviducal tubae. Sperm resorptive organs may concern either newly evolved organs, or result from a change of function in an already existing structure.

}, doi = {10.1080/07924259.1989.9672028}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07924259.1989.9672028}, author = {Ronald Sluys} } @article {1707, title = {Predation on snails by three species of triclad and its bearing on the distribution of Planaria torva in Britain}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {189}, year = {1979}, month = {1979}, pages = {459 - 484}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {

Dugesia polychroa, D. lugubris and Planaria torva preyed upon snails of differing morphologies and while the Dugesia spp. fed approximately in proportion to snail abundance, PL torva was more selective on Potamopyrgus jenkinsi. The incidence of feeding on four snail taxa by the Dugesia spp. was significantly correlated and differed strikingly from that of PI. torva where feeding was related to its annual life cycle. Large peaks of feeding coincided in the Dugesia spp. for the four snail types; this was attributed to snail vulnerability being increased by environmental disturbance. Comparison of feeding by Dugesia spp. in the presence and absence of PI. torva indicated that severe competition was occurring for food with PI. torva having a food refuge in P. jenkinsi. The distribution of PI. torva in Britain is largely confined to productive habitats in the Glasgow-Edinburgh and East Anglia regions. It is concluded that historical rather than ecological events have played the major part in its distribution to date. The strong association of PL torva with port areas and the canal system suggests that it is a recent introduction via the timber trade with Fennoscania.

}, isbn = {1469-7998}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1979.tb03974.x}, author = {Reynoldson, T. B. and Piearce, Bronwen} } @article {1706, title = {The food of Planaria torva (M{\"u}ller) (Turbellaria-Tricladida), a laboratory and field study}, journal = {Freshwater Biology}, volume = {6}, year = {1976}, month = {1976}, pages = {383 - 393}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {

The food of Planaria torva was examined in the laboratory by exposing a range of potential prey to the triclad and observing prey mortality. Under these conditions P. torva fed mainly upon tubificid oligochaetes and gastropods. The former activity was regarded as untypical of the field situation and due to limitations of the laboratory habitat. The food of P. torva was determined in the field by taking monthly samples from October 1967 to May 1969 of a population living in Linlithgow Loch, West Lothian, Scotland. A serological technique was used to examine the gut contents of the field triclads. For reasons explained in the text, the prey organisms tested for serologically were gastropods, oligochaetes (Tubificidae), Asellus and chironomid larvae. Planaria torva fed most extensively on Gastropoda, Asellus was the second main food while Tubificidae and Chironomidae were taken only seasonally and in small numbers. The limited extent of feeding on tubificids supports the laboratory data. Small P. torva gave proportionately fewer positive reactions to the prey antisera than large individuals. This was explained by the fact that small individuals occurred most frequently in the warmer months and took smaller meals; both of these features shorten the detection period of food in the gut and therefore give fewer reactions. The diet of small and large P. torva was similar in the field and showed considerable overlap with that of Dugesia polychroa. The food of Polycelis tenuis, Dendrocoelum lacteum and Dugesia polychroa in Linlithgow Loch was described on an annual basis and the results confirmed earlier observations.

}, isbn = {1365-2427}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.1976.tb01623.x}, author = {Reynoldson, T. B. and SEFTON, A. D.} } @article {1703, title = {Genes for regeneration}, journal = {eLife}, volume = {3}, year = {2014}, month = {2014/04/15}, pages = {e02517}, publisher = {eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd}, abstract = {FoxA, an evolutionarily conserved gene involved in the development of the digestive system in many animals, has an important role in regeneration in flatworms.}, keywords = {Pharynx, planaria, regeneration, single-organ regeneration, stem cell}, isbn = {2050-084X}, url = {https://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02517}, author = {Rossant, Janet} } @article {ref1, title = {Annotations on the reproductive biology of Planaria torva (M{\"u}ller)}, journal = {Rendiconti Lincei}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, year = {1994}, month = {03/1994}, pages = {59{\textendash}61}, abstract = {

Planaria torva is a fresh-water triclad reproducing only sexually. Investigations accomplished on a laboratory strain derived from a single specimen have shown that this planarian belongs to the iteroparous species. Moreover, the animals have shown a peculiar reproductive characteristic, namely, a high production of cocoons, most of which, however, are sterile.

}, issn = {1720-0776}, doi = {10.1007/BF03001436}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03001436}, author = {Benazzi, Socio Mario} } @article {JZO:JZO99, title = {The taxonomy, habitat and distribution of the freshwater triclad Planaria torva (Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria) in Britain}, journal = {Journal of Zoology}, volume = {157}, number = {1}, year = {1969}, pages = {99{\textendash}123}, publisher = {Blackwell Publishing Ltd}, abstract = {

Planaria torva was described originally by O. F. M\üller in 1774 under the generic name Fasciola. The synonyms arising since have been critically evaluated and the many varied morphological descriptions of this species are reviewed. The identity of this species in Britain has been confirmed by detailed examination of external and internal anatomy and it is shown that Planaria torfrida, described from Britain by Perkins (1928), is a synonym of Planaria torva. Dugesia lugubris (Schmidt, 1862) is the species most likely to be confused with Planaria torva and convenient methods of separating these species are described. The validity of all available British records has been examined and new localities described. Planaria torva occurs in England, Scotland and Ireland but has a markedly discontinuous distribution. There are real concentrations of habitats in the Edinburgh and Glasgow areas where the species also forms a larger proportion of the triclad population than usual. The species is markedly eurytopic and occurs in a wide range of lotic and lentic habitats, although most of them are calcium rich by British standards. It is not yet possible to offer a sound explanation for these facts because the ecology of Planaria torva is insufficiently known.

}, issn = {1469-7998}, doi = {10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb01691.x}, author = {Ball, Ian R. and Reynoldson, T. B. and Warwick, T.} } @article {1542, title = {PlanMine {\textendash} a mineable resource of planarian biology and biodiversity}, journal = {Nucleic Acids Research}, volume = {44}, year = {2016}, month = {2016/01/04}, pages = {D764 - D773}, publisher = {Oxford University Press}, abstract = {

Planarian flatworms are in the midst of a renaissance as a model system for regeneration and stem cells. Besides two well-studied model species, hundreds of species exist worldwide that present a fascinating diversity of regenerative abilities, tissue turnover rates, reproductive strategies and other life history traits. PlanMine (http://planmine.mpi-cbg.de/) aims to accomplish two primary missions: First, to provide an easily accessible platform for sharing, comparing and value-added mining of planarian sequence data. Second, to catalyze the comparative analysis of the phenotypic diversity amongst planarian species. Currently, PlanMine houses transcriptomes independently assembled by our lab and community contributors. Detailed assembly/annotation statistics, a custom-developed BLAST viewer and easy export options enable comparisons at the contig and assembly level. Consistent annotation of all transcriptomes by an automated pipeline, the integration of published gene expression information and inter-relational query tools provide opportunities for mining planarian gene sequences and functions. For inter-species comparisons, we include transcriptomes of, so far, six planarian species, along with images, expert-curated information on their biology and pre-calculated cross-species sequence homologies. PlanMine is based on the popular InterMine system in order to make the rich biology of planarians accessible to the general life sciences research community.

}, isbn = {0305-10481362-4962}, url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4702831/}, author = {Brandl, Holger and Moon, HongKee and Vila-Farr{\'e}, Miquel and Liu, Shang-Yun and Henry, Ian and Rink, Jochen C} } @article {778, title = {Der genitalapparat der tricladen und seine beziehungen zu ihrer allgemeinen morphologie, phylogenie, {\"o}kologie und verbreitung}, journal = {Zeitschrift f{\"u}r morphologie und {\"o}kologie der Tiere}, volume = {11}, number = {5}, year = {1928}, month = {09/1928}, pages = {570-612}, issn = {0372-9389}, doi = {10.1007/BF02424587}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2FBF02424587}, author = {Josef Meixner} } @article {437, title = {The phyletic status of the genus Planaria (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida)}, journal = {Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde}, volume = {48}, year = {1978}, pages = {29-34}, chapter = {29}, author = {Ian R. Ball and Nicole Gourbault} } @article {348, title = {The planarians (Turbellaria: Tricladida, Paludicola) of Lake Ohrid in Macedonia}, number = {280}, year = {1978}, url = {http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/pdf_hi/SCTZ-0280.pdf}, author = {Roman Kenk} }