@article {1719, title = {Resistance of two planarian species to UV-irradiation}, journal = {Folia Biol (Krakow)}, volume = {54}, year = {2006}, month = {2006}, pages = {103-8}, abstract = {

The aim of this work was to determine the effects of 20, 25 and 30 minute UV-irradiation periods lambda = 253.5 nm to two planarian species Dugesia tigrina (Gir.) and Polycelis felina (Daly.). In vivo, UV light effects have been reported to affect intracellular receptors and disrupt simple behaviour. The effects of UV-rays on mortality and behavior as well as morphological, cytological and histological changes in the two planarian species were assessed, and the course and the dynamics of regenerative processes were compared between them. Experimental populations of Dugesia tigrina and Polycelis felina species were maintained in laboratory conditions at room temperature. Mortality, behavioral and morphological changes were monitored daily by means of a light stereomicroscope. For cytological and histopathological analysis, planarians were fixed in Bouine fixative on the first, second, third, fifth and seventh day after exposure to UV-irradiation, respectively. They were embedded in paraffin, cut on a microtome, stained with toluidin blue and embedded in Canada-balsam. UV-rays caused mortality, behavioral, morphological, cytological and histological changes in each planarian species. In regeneration of damaged body parts reticular cells and neoblasts played the main role. Neoblasts as totipotent cells extremely increased in number in the area of damaged tissue, immediately after UV-exposure. Dugesia tigrina was more sensitive to UV-rays than Polycelis felina due to possession of less pigmented cells. The course of regeneration in both species was similar. Most individuals of both species regenerated in 5 to 12 days after UV-irradiation.

}, keywords = {Animals, planarians, Ultraviolet Rays}, issn = {0015-5497}, author = {Kalafati{\'c}, Mirjana and Kovacevi{\'c}, Goran and Franjevi{\'c}, Damjan} } @article {1718, title = {Toxicity of nitrite to three species of freshwater invertebrates.}, journal = {Environ Toxicol}, volume = {21}, year = {2006}, month = {2006 Feb}, pages = {90-4}, abstract = {

Nitrite is a compound with a high toxicity to aquatic animals. Several anthropogenic pollution sources are increasing the concentrations of this component of the nitrogen cycle. Despite this toxicity, there is little available literature on its effects on freshwater invertebrates. Laboratory bioassays were performed to obtain data on the lethal effects of nitrite to three species of freshwater invertebrates: the planarian Polycelis felina and the amphipods Echinogammarus echinosetosus and Eulimnogammarus toletanus. The LC(50), LC(10), and LC(0.01) values (mg/L NO(2)--N) at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were calculated for each species. E. toletanus and E. echinosetosus were the most sensitive species, with 96 h LC(50) values of 2.09 and 2.59 mg/L NO(2)--N, respectively. In contrast, the planarian P. felina showed a higher tolerance to nitrite, with a 96 h LC(50) value of 60.0 mg/L NO(2)--N. The obtained results were compared with the reported nitrite data for other freshwater invertebrates. This study may contribute to a more appropriate assessment of the ecological risk of this compound in freshwater ecosystems.

}, keywords = {Amphipoda, Animals, Lethal Dose 50, Nitrites, planarians, Rivers, Spain, Water Pollutants, Chemical}, issn = {1520-4081}, doi = {10.1002/tox.20155}, author = {Alonso, Alvaro and Camargo, Julio A} } @article {272, title = {Phylogenetic position of Dendrocoelum lacteum (Tricladida) from the Balkan Lake Ohrid evidenced by allozyme data}, volume = {34}, year = {2006}, month = {2006/3//}, pages = {212 - 218}, abstract = {

To determine whether the Lake Ohrid population of Dendrocoelum lacteum is significantly genetically distant from the Central European populations of this species, the allozyme variation was studied. Phylogenetic analysis of isozyme electrophoretic data indicated that the D. lacteum populations from Central Europe exhibit a closer relationship to Dendrocoelum adenodactylosum from Lake Ohrid (used as a reference species) than to their conspecific population from this lake. The allozyme data support the suggestion that D. lacteum from Lake Ohrid could be classified as a distinct species.

}, keywords = {Allozymes, Dendrocoelum adenodactylosum, Dendrocoelum lacteum, Endemic species, Genetic relationships, Population genetics, Tricladida}, isbn = {0305-1978}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0305197805002449}, author = {Sywula, Tadeusz and Krstanovski, Zdravko and Bia{\l}a, Anna and Wysocka, Anna and Kilikowska, Adrianna and Sell, Jerzy} } @article {12, title = {Zoogeographical analysis of the distribution of Bdellocephala species (Plathelminthes, Tricladida: Paludicola)}, journal = {Hydrobiologia}, volume = {568}, year = {2006}, month = {09/2006}, pages = {177-181}, chapter = {177}, doi = {10.1007/s10750-006-0317-7}, author = {T. V. Naumova and Novikova, O.A. and Timoshkin, O.A.} } @article {569, title = {Towards a phylogenetic classification of dendrocoelid freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes): a morphological and eclectic approach}, journal = {Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research}, volume = {44}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, month = {08/2006}, pages = {274{\textendash}284}, abstract = {

We explore and review the taxonomic distribution of morphological features that may be used as supporting apomorphies for the monophyletic status of various taxa in future, more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the dendrocoelid freshwater planarians and their close relatives. Characters examined are: (i) musculature of the pharynx; (ii) anatomy of the eye; (iii) distribution of testis follicles along the longitudinal axis of the body; (iv) epidermis of the body wall; (v) musculature of the ventral body wall; (vi) presence or absence of a penis papilla; (vii) position of the mouth opening; and (viii) anterior adhesive organ. A phylogenetic hypothesis, in the form of a character state tree, is developed. This hypothesis suggests that the Kenkiidae should be resurrected as a separate family, sharing a sistergroup relationship with the Dendrocoelidae. This sistergroup relationship is supported by the shared presence of an apomorphic anterior adhesive organ. Although the shape of the anterior adhesive organ, both within and between kenkiids and dendrocoelids, may differ considerably between species, they are all constructed according to the same principles. The monophyly of the Kenkiidae is supported by the presence of an apomorphic thickening of the marginal zone of the epidermis and presumably also by the presence of prepharyngeal testes. Within the Kenkiidae, the genus Macrocotyla should be considered as a junior synonym of Kenkia, which is characterized by the presence of an apomorphic Ôplanariid pharynx-type 2Õ. The monophyly of the Dendrocoelidae is suggested by the presence of a dendrocoelid type of pharynx. It is shown that multicellular eye cups with numerous photoreceptor cells are not restricted to the Dugesiidae and the Terricola but are also characteristic for the Dendrocoelidae; the phylogenetic implications of this character state distribution are discussed. It is pointed out that in planarians there may be a relationship between: (i) body size, the size of an eye cup and the number of its constituent pigment cells; and (ii) the size of an eye cup and the number of photoreceptor cells that it contains. Some tentative phylogenetic groups are suggested on the basis of the following presumed apomorphic characters: presence of transverse fibres in the ventral subepidermal musculature, presence of an extra longitudinal muscle layer in the outer pharynx musculature, a mouth opening that has shifted anteriad. It is suggested that the presumed monophyly of the genus Bdellocephala is supported by the apomorphic absence of a penis papilla, combined with a penial lumen provided with many plicae.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00371.x}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00371.x/pdf}, author = {Ronald Sluys and Masaharu Kawakatsu} }