@article {1708, title = {Anatomical deviation of male organs of land planarians from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with description of two new species of Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida).}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3931}, year = {2015}, month = {2015 Mar 11}, pages = {27-40}, abstract = {

Two new land planarian species, collected in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, are described. Their external aspect is similar to that of Imbira marcusi Carbayo et al., 2013 and Pseudogeoplana theresopolitana (Schirch, 1929), respectively. The analysis of the internal organs, however, revealed they belong to the genus Cratera. The male copulatory organs of one species is very different from any other geoplaninid, for the penis papilla holds a large, distal cavity receiving the ejaculatory duct and, furthermore, the papilla projects vertically downwards from the roof of the male atrium. Thus we consider it as a new species, Cratera cuarassu sp. nov. The second species differs from its congeners in that the dorsal insertion of the penis papilla is anterior to the ventral one, and in that the female atrium is narrowed in the anterior portion. The species was found in the type locality of Pseudogeoplana theresopolitana (Schirch, 1929) and compares well with it in the external features. However, since its internal organs are unknown and the type material of the species is seemingly lost, we describe it as Cratera anamariae Carbayo, sp. nov.

}, keywords = {Animals, Brazil, Genitalia, Male, Male, planarians}, issn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3931.1.2}, author = {Carbayo, Fernando and Almeida, Ana Laura} } @article {1698, title = {First report of the land planarian Diversibipalium multilineatum (Makino \& Shirasawa, 1983) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Continenticola) in Europe.}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4067}, year = {2016}, month = {2016 Jan 26}, pages = {577-80}, abstract = {

Introduction of alien species may significantly affect soil ecosystems, through predation or disruption of components of native ecosystems (Winsor et al. 2004; \Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014; Justine et al. 2014). Land planarians have been reported as alien species in soils throughout the world and, among those, some species are considered to be successful invaders, e.g. Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963, Arthurdendyus triangulatus (Dendy, 1894), Bipalium adventitium Hyman, 1943, Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878 and Dolichoplana striata Moseley, 1877 (Winsor et al. 2004; \Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014; Justine et al. 2014, 2015). Soil moisture status seems to be an important element for their successful invasion (Fraser \& Boag 1998). In Europe at least 18 species of alien land planarians have been recorded since now and some of them are considered as invasive ones, e.g. P. manokwari (cf. Justine et al. 2014). Although the alien land planarian B. kewense has been reported to occur in many greenhouses in Italy (Bello et al. 1995), no data are available on its establishment and/or impact on natural environments. On 28th September 2014, 20 specimens (~1 individual/m2) of the land planarian Diversibipalium multilineatum (Makino \& Shirasawa, 1983) (Fig. 1), native to Japan, were collected under pots, branches and plastic materials in a private garden located in the center of Bologna (Emilia Romagna, Central Italy), near the urban park Giardini Margherita (44\°29\&$\#$39; N, 11\°21\&$\#$39; E; WGS84). Thirty plant species (both indigenous and alien), mainly cultivated as bonsai (e.g. Lagerstroemia indica L., Juniperus procumbens (Siebold ex Endl.) Miquel), were present in this shady, wet garden (25 m2). Between March 2014 and June 2015, 70 more specimens of D. multilineatum were collected at the same site, mainly at dusk and dawn after rain. Reproduction by fission and regeneration processes were observed in several of those specimens, which were kept for some time in captivity. A specimen of D. multilineatum was also collected in a garden in L\éguevin (Haute-Garonne, France), which will be described in a forthcoming paper by Justine et al. (in prep.) (see also Kawakatsu et al. 2014). Specimens without a genital pore were initially ascribed to D. multilineatum on the basis of their external appearance: the dorsal surface was brownish yellow and presented five longitudinal stripes at the head plate and the neck, showing the typical appearance of the species. The middorsal stripe was widened at its anterior end, on the head plate, and at the pharynx level. The ventral pattern of the animals at the pharyngeal region was also characteristic, with the middorsal stripe widened at this level. The Italian Diversibipalium specimens used for the molecular analysis were fixed and preserved in absolute ethanol. Fragments of the mitochondrial gene COI and 28S ribosomal RNA nuclear gene (GenBank Acc. Numbers KU245358 and KU245357, respectively) were obtained using the procedure and COI primers described in \Álvarez-Presas et al. (2008) and Sol\à et al. (2013). The French specimen\&$\#$39;s COI (Specimen MNHN JL177, GenBank Acc. Number KT922162) was obtained as described in Justine et al. (2015). 28S sequences of 14 Bipaliinae specimens and four Microplana species (outgroup) retrieved from GenBank were included in the phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2). Sequence alignment was obtained by using the online software MAFFT version 7 (Katoh \& Standley 2013), while ambiguously aligned positions were removed using the program Gblocks (Talavera \& Castresana 2007) with default settings, excepting the minimum number of sequences for a flank position at the minimum value (set at 10) and with half of the allowed gap positions. The final alignment had a length of 1589 bp. We used two phylogenetic inference approaches: maximum likelihood (ML), using the RaxML 8.2.3 software (Stamatakis 2014), and Bayesian inferences (BI), using MrBayes 3.2.4 (Ronquist et al. 2012). The evolutionary model used, GTR+I+G, was estimated to be the best with the software jModeltest 2.1.7 (Darriba et al. 2012; Guindon \& Gascuel 2003), using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). MrBayes analyses were performed for 10-milion generation with sampling parameters every 103 and a 25\% default burn-in value for the final trees. Convergence of the two runs (average standard deviation of split frequencies \<\< 0.01) and likelihood stationarity were checked. The maximum likelihood analyses were performed under 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates. The phylogenetic results show a close and highly supported relationship of the Italian Diversibipalium specimens with those from Japan and South Korea that have been identified as D. multilineatum (Fig. 2). Diversibipalium multilineatum is the sister-group of B. nobile Kawakatsu \& Makino, 1982, but with low support. The COI sequences of the French (MNHN JL177) and the Italian Diversibipalium specimens were compared in Geneious v. 8.0.5 (http://www.geneious.com, Kearse et al. 2012) and were found to be identical. These results indicate that the species introduced in both countries is the same, and most probably concerns the species D. multilineatum. The pathways of introduction of D. multilineatum are currently unknown, although a relationship between the horticultural trade and the introduction of alien land planarians is well known (\Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014 and references therein). Here we report the first occurrence of individuals of D. multilineatum outside Asia. The GenBank sequence of D. multilineatum from South Korea is not yet supported by a published description of the specimen, while it is debatable whether South Korea should be considered part of the natural range of D. multilineatum, which only seems to include Japan. In the present paper, we consider the South Korean animal to be an introduced specimen. Soil moisture status, temperature, and food availability are considered to be the main factors determining the presence of terrestrial planarians (Boag et al. 1998); the microclimatic conditions of the Italian garden were similar to plant nurseries and greenhouses, while an abundance of food was available, such as isopods [Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt, 1833)], oligochaetes [Dendrobaena attemsi (Michaelsen, 1902) and several juveniles of Lumbricus spp.] and gastropods [Cernuella cisalpina (Rossmassler, 1837), Cornu aspersum (O.F. M\üller 1774), Deroceras reticulatum (O.F. M\üller, 1774), Discus rotundatus (O.F. M\üller, 1774), Limacus flavus (Linnaeus, 1758), Milax nigricans (Philippi, 1836), Papillifera papillaris (Linnaeus, 1758), Pomatias elegans (O.F. M\üller, 1774)]. Moreover, winter 2014 reached the highest temperatures and rainfall of the last two decades (source: CNR-ISAC, Bologna), thus favouring establishment and spread of D. multilineatum. The potential environmental impacts of some invasive flatworms are well documented (\Álvarez-Presas et al. 2014; Justine et al. 2014) and, even if these effects have not yet been assessed for D. multilineatum, the adoption of precautionary measures and of early intervention is here strongly recommended (Genovesi \& Shine 2004). Finally, knowledge of the introduction pathway(s), together with the analysis of prey preference and possible impact on the invertebrate fauna, will be essential to halt or at least to limit the spread of this introduced land flatworm.

}, keywords = {Animals, Biological Evolution, Body Size, Europe, phylogeny, planarians}, issn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4067.5.4}, author = {Mazza, Giuseppe and Menchetti, Mattia and Sluys, Ronald and Sol{\`a}, Eduard and Riutort, Marta and Tricarico, Elena and Justine, Jean-Lou and Cavigioli, Luca and Mori, Emiliano} } @article {1697, title = {Land flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) of S{\~a}o Tom{\'e}:~a first account on their diversity, with the description of five new species.}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4221}, year = {2017}, month = {2017 Jan 17}, pages = {zootaxa.4221.3.2}, abstract = {

The present contribution provides the first faunistic and taxonomic account of six species of land flatworm from the island of S\ão Tom\é, including five new species of the genus Othelosoma Gray, 1869 and the introduced Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878. One of the new species represents the first African land flatworm that has specks on its dorsal body surface, instead of stripes or a more or less uniform colouration. At least two of the new species were observed to prey on snails. The study details the fourth record of a sclerotic spermatophore in a species of land flatworm, and discusses the definition and homology of double female genital canals in African and Indian species of the genus Othelosoma.

}, issn = {1175-5334}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4221.3.2}, author = {Sluys, Ronald and Neumann, Matthias and Lima, Ricardo F DE and Drewes, Robert C} } @article {ZTzootaxa.4092.1.6, title = {Two new species of freshwater flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Continenticola) from South American caves}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4092}, number = {1}, year = {2016}, pages = {107{\textendash}121}, abstract = {

The diversity of freshwater triclads in the Neotropical region is considered to be low, but extensive areas of South America remain almost unexplored. Herein we describe two cave-dwelling, new species of Girardia, one from a transition zone of the Cerrado and Caatinga phytophysiognomies and the other from the Cerrado phytophysiognomy. The species from the Cerrado-Caatinga transition is a troglobite, eyeless and whitish; the species from the Cerrado area is possibly a troglophile, since it shows heavily pigmented body and eyes. Each species is easily recognized by a unique combination of features in its external morphology and copulatory apparatus. The two new species of Girardia show a restricted distribution, even the troglophile, and occur in caves without legal protection. Therefore, they must be considered as vulnerable organisms in a conservation context.

}, keywords = {Brazilian savannah, Caatinga, Girardia, new cave-dwelling species, Platyhelminthes, subterranean fauna, Tricladida}, issn = {1175-5334}, url = {http://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4092.1.6}, author = {STELLA SOUZA and ANA LAURA MORAIS and MARIA ELINA BICHUETTE and Ana Lael-Zanchet} } @article {51, title = {Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, with three new species) and nemertines of Bermuda}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1001}, year = {2005}, month = {2005}, pages = {31{\textendash}58}, chapter = {31}, author = {Hugh D. Jones and Sterrer, Wolfgang} } @article {28, title = {Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {1945}, year = {2008}, month = {28 Nov. 2008}, pages = {1-38}, chapter = {1}, author = {Hugh D. Jones and Jillian C. McDonald and Webster, Bonnie L. and Littlewood, Timothy D.J.} } @article {47, title = {Terrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from the Iberian Peninsula: new records and description of three new species}, journal = {Zootaxa}, number = {1739}, year = {2008}, month = {2008}, pages = {1-20}, chapter = {1}, author = {Vila-Farre, M. and Mateos, E. and Sluys, R. and Romero, R.} } @article {280, title = {A new Peruvian land planarian species of the genus Gigantea (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2422}, year = {2010}, pages = {43-52}, chapter = {43}, abstract = {

A new species of Geoplaninae land planarian from south Peru, Gigantea urubambensis sp. nov., is described. The most outstanding features of the new species are the very dorsal location of the testes, between the dorsal diagonal and the supra-intestinal parenchymatic muscle layers; a penis papilla projecting from the roof of the male atrium and acentrally traversed by the ejaculatory duct; and the absence of glandular ridges on the penis papilla.

}, url = {http://planarias.each.usp.br/system/artigos/75/original/18-Negrete-et_al-2010-Gigantea-urubambensis.pdf}, author = {Negrete, L. H. and Brusa, F. and Carbayo, F.} } @article {277, title = {Three new species of land flatworms and comments on a complex of species in the genus Geoplana Stimpson (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3338}, year = {2012}, pages = {1-32}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Three new species of Geoplana Stimpson, 1857 from south Brazil, Geoplana ficki sp. nov., G. carbayoi sp. nov., and G. baptistae sp. nov., with dark, nearly homogeneous dorsum, reddish or orange venter, and eyes spreading over the dorsum, are described. The three can be included in the Graff group of \“large, broad and flat species\”, designated the G. applanatagroup by C. G. Froehlich (1967). The first described species presenting this pattern was G. rufiventris Schultze \& M\üller, 1857. Later, several other authors described various species exhibiting the \“dark dorsal surface and orange or reddish ventral side\” pattern. These species constitute an assemblage which will be here designated the G. rufiventris-complex. Apart from presenting a similar pattern, a further considerable difficulty in differentiating these taxa from the other large, broad and flat species of the genus Geoplana which were included in Froehlich\’s original G. applanata-group, resides in their possessing a very homogeneous copulatory apparatus. Characteristics of their external and internal morphology are here discussed to simplify the differentiation of sub-groups and comparison of species.

}, url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/2/zt03338p032.pdf}, author = {Amaral, Silvana V. and Oliveira, Simone M. and Leal-Zanchet, A. M.} } @article {311, title = {Two new species of land flatworms and comments on the genus Pasipha Ogren \& Kawakatsu, 1990 (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola)}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3583}, year = {2012}, pages = {1{\textendash}21}, author = {Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria and ILANA ROSSI and ANA L{\'U}CIA RAMOS SEITENFUS and JULIANA ALVARENGA} } @article {167, title = {Freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from the Iberian Peninsula and Greece: diversity and notes on ecology}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2779}, year = {2011}, month = {02/2011}, pages = {1-38}, author = {Miquel Vila-Farr{\'e} and Ronald Sluys and {\'I}o Almagro and Mette Handberg-Thorsager and Rafael Romero} } @article {278, title = {Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2804}, year = {2011}, pages = {41-55}, chapter = {41}, abstract = {

Many species of land flatworms have been described based on specimens, or even on a single specimen, from a sole locality. Thus, populational or individual variations are poorly known. The external morphology of Geoplana multicolor Graff, 1899 was first described based on a single specimen from the vicinities of the city of S\ão Paulo, South Brazil. Marcus (1951) analysed specimens from S\ão Paulo with a similar external aspect and considered them as conspecific with G. multicolor, describing their internal anatomy. In the present work, we amplify the known distribution of the species, by registering its occurrence in four localities of southern Brazil (state of Rio Grande do Sul), and comparatively analyse this relatively ample material, which includes different developmental phases. The description of histological aspects, especially those regarding musculature and secretory cells of the copulatory organs, has been enhanced and amplified after the present analysis. Thus, the description of G. multicolor is here complemented, with an improvement on the interpretation of important taxonomical characters. In addition, the paper reports, for the first time, the occurrence of an ejaculate attached to the atrial wall of a species of Geoplaninae which presents a penis papilla, and briefly discusses its significance.

}, url = {http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2011/f/z02804p055f.pdf}, author = {Leal-Zanchet, Ana M. and Matos, Lisiane B.} } @article {307, title = {Freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from the Palearctic section of the African continent: new records, with the description of a new species}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3182}, year = {2012}, pages = {1-15}, author = {Harrath, A. H. and Ronald Sluys and Merzoug, D. and Yacoubi-Khebiza, M. and Saleh Alwasel and Marta Riutort} } @article {308, title = {A new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the Afromontane forest in South Africa, with an overview of freshwater planarians from the African continent}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3551}, year = {2012}, pages = {43{\textendash}58}, author = {Giacinta Angela Stocchino and Ronald Sluys and Manconi, Renata} } @article {728, title = {A new species of Supramontana Carbayo \& Leal-Zanchet (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) from the Interior Atlantic Forest}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3753}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, chapter = {177}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.7}, author = {NEGRETE, LISANDRO and Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria and BRUSA, FRANCISCO} } @article {775, title = {A new species of land flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from areas of Araucaria Forest in southern Brazil}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {3794}, number = {4}, year = {2014}, pages = {514-524}, author = {ILANA ROSSI and Marcela Fontoura and Silvana Amaral and Leal-Zanchet, Ana Maria} }