00517nas a2200109 4500008004100000245020400041210006900245300001400314490000700328100002000335856005200355 1896 eng d00aNotes on Turbellaria. 1. On the occurrence of Bipalium kewense (Moseley) in the United States. 2. On the Identity of Procotylus fluviatilis Leidy and Dendrocoelum lacteum Oersted0 aNotes on Turbellaria 1 On the occurrence of iBipalium kewensei M a1046-10490 v301 aWoodworth, W.M. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/186000404nam a2200097 4500008004100000245005700041210005500098260007100153100001600224856006600240 1972 eng d00aFreshwater planarians (Turbellaria) of North America0 aFreshwater planarians Turbellaria of North America aWashington, D.C.bWashington, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency1 aKenk, Roman uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4020#/summary00541nas a2200109 4500008004100000245022100041210006900262300001000331490000600341100001700347856006700364 1857 eng d00aProdromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum, quae in Expeditione ad Oceanum, Pacificum Septentrionalem a Republica Federata missa, Johanne Rodgers Duce, observavit et descripsit. Pars. I. Turbellaria Dendrocoela0 aProdromus descriptionis animalium evertebratorum quae in Expedit a19-310 v91 aStimpson, W. uhttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84745#page/33/mode/1up00346nas a2200109 4500008004100000245004100041210003600082300000900118490000700127100001600134856008600150 1944 eng d00aThe fresh-water triclads of Michigan0 afreshwater triclads of Michigan a1-440 v601 aKenk, Roman uhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/56305/MP060.pdf?sequence=103209nas a2200145 4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260001200247300001400259490000700273520266500280100001802945700002402963856007602987 2006 eng d00aTowards a phylogenetic classification of dendrocoelid freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes): a morphological and eclectic approach0 aTowards a phylogenetic classification of dendrocoelid freshwater c08/2006 a274–2840 v443 a

We explore and review the taxonomic distribution of morphological features that may be used as supporting apomorphies for the monophyletic status of various taxa in future, more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the dendrocoelid freshwater planarians and their close relatives. Characters examined are: (i) musculature of the pharynx; (ii) anatomy of the eye; (iii) distribution of testis follicles along the longitudinal axis of the body; (iv) epidermis of the body wall; (v) musculature of the ventral body wall; (vi) presence or absence of a penis papilla; (vii) position of the mouth opening; and (viii) anterior adhesive organ. A phylogenetic hypothesis, in the form of a character state tree, is developed. This hypothesis suggests that the Kenkiidae should be resurrected as a separate family, sharing a sistergroup relationship with the Dendrocoelidae. This sistergroup relationship is supported by the shared presence of an apomorphic anterior adhesive organ. Although the shape of the anterior adhesive organ, both within and between kenkiids and dendrocoelids, may differ considerably between species, they are all constructed according to the same principles. The monophyly of the Kenkiidae is supported by the presence of an apomorphic thickening of the marginal zone of the epidermis and presumably also by the presence of prepharyngeal testes. Within the Kenkiidae, the genus Macrocotyla should be considered as a junior synonym of Kenkia, which is characterized by the presence of an apomorphic Ôplanariid pharynx-type 2Õ. The monophyly of the Dendrocoelidae is suggested by the presence of a dendrocoelid type of pharynx. It is shown that multicellular eye cups with numerous photoreceptor cells are not restricted to the Dugesiidae and the Terricola but are also characteristic for the Dendrocoelidae; the phylogenetic implications of this character state distribution are discussed. It is pointed out that in planarians there may be a relationship between: (i) body size, the size of an eye cup and the number of its constituent pigment cells; and (ii) the size of an eye cup and the number of photoreceptor cells that it contains. Some tentative phylogenetic groups are suggested on the basis of the following presumed apomorphic characters: presence of transverse fibres in the ventral subepidermal musculature, presence of an extra longitudinal muscle layer in the outer pharynx musculature, a mouth opening that has shifted anteriad. It is suggested that the presumed monophyly of the genus Bdellocephala is supported by the apomorphic absence of a penis papilla, combined with a penial lumen provided with many plicae.

1 aSluys, Ronald1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00371.x/pdf