02302nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245016800055210006900223260001100292300001100303520155500314100001701869700002001886700002301906700002301929700002401952700001901976700002201995700001902017856004802036 2017 eng d a1559-029100aBiochemical and Molecular Study of Carpobrotus edulis Bioactive Properties and Their Effects on Dugesia sicula (Turbellaria, Tricladida) Regeneration0 aBiochemical and Molecular Study of iCarpobrotus edulisi Bioactiv c2017// a1 - 133 a

The traditional medicinal properties of Carpobrotus edulis are well recognized, particularly in Tunisia where it is used for wound healing. Thus, in this study, biochemical and molecular properties of its leaves’ bioactive aqueous-acetone extract were investigated. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extract was estimated to be 184 ± 5 mg/100 g of fresh matter (FM). The qualitative and quantitative polyphenolic profile was determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (UPLC-DAD) and showed that chlorogenic acid was the major compound (43.7%). The extract exhibits potent antioxidant capacities with IC50 = 56.19 and 58.91 μg/ml, as accessed via the anionic DPPH and cationic ABTS radical scavenging assays, respectively. The extract has high antibacterial properties, especially against the Gram+ Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus strains. To investigate the extract effect on regeneration, the flatworm Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948, was used as a model. The macroscopic analysis of planarian cultures in ordinary medium containing phenolic extract at non-toxic concentrations illustrated that the extract caused morphological changes. Additionally, the molecular study through the fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) technique showed that C. edulis polyphenols can harm the stem cells’ development. These results emphasize the ecotoxicological impact of phenolic rejections in the environment on flatworms’ physiology.

1 aMeddeb, Emna1 aCharni, Mohamed1 aGhazouani, Tesnime1 aCozzolino, Autilia1 aFratianni, Florinda1 aRaboudi, Faten1 aNazzaro, Filomena1 aFattouch, Sami uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2387-y01489nas a2200181 4500008004100000020002300041245011600064210006900180260002900249300001100278520087100289100001801160700001801178700001501196700002001211700001901231856005701250 2015 eng d a1313-29891313-297000aThe taxonomic status of Dugesia biblica from Israel and Turkey (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)0 ataxonomic status of iDugesia biblicai from Israel and Turkey Pla bPensoft Publishersc2015 a1 - 123 a

The taxonomic status of Dugesia biblica (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Israel and Turkey is problematic due to its morphological similarity with Dugesia sicula since these nominal species present overlapping characters. In this study we analyzed histological preparations of specimens of these two nominal species and also compared mitochondrial COI gene sequences from Israeli populations to the already known haplotype composition of Dugesia sicula. We concluded that these animals belong to the same species and therefore we consider Dugesia biblica to be a junior synonym of Dugesia sicula. This implies that the distribution range of Dugesia sicula is even wider than previously thought, and that the species is present all around the Mediterranean Basin and on many of its islands.

1 aSolà, Eduard1 aSluys, Ronald1 aSegev, Ori1 aBlaustein, Leon1 aRiutort, Marta uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4467178/00405nas a2200109 4500008004100000245009700041210006900138300001200207490000700219100001700226856005200243 1948 eng d00aDescrizione di Dugesia sicula, nuova sp. di Triclade d’acqua dolce dei dintorni di Catania0 aDescrizione di Dugesia sicula nuova sp di Triclade d acqua dolce a461-4720 v331 aLepori, N.G. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/143800476nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179300001000248490000700258100001900265700001800284856005200302 1972 eng d00aDescrizione di Dugesia biblica, nuova microspecie del "gruppo Dugesia gonocephala" trovata nel fiume Giordano (Israele)0 aDescrizione di iDugesia biblicai nuova microspecie del gruppo iD a83-910 v791 aBenazzi, Mario1 aBanchetti, R. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/138700439nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011100041210006900152260002600221300001200247100001800259856005200277 1974 eng d00aA contribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater triclads (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria)0 acontribution to the phylogeny and biogeography of the freshwater aNew YorkbMcGraw-Hill a339-4011 aBall, Ian, R. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/137800350nas a2200085 4500008004100000245009000041210006900131100001600200856004800216 1974 eng d00aIndex to the genera and species of the freshwater triclads (Turbellaria) of the world0 aIndex to the genera and species of the freshwater triclads Turbe1 aKenk, Roman uhttps://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/533200429nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155300001200224490000600236100002500242856005200267 1977 eng d00aObservations on fission, maturation and reproduction in Dugesia biblica (Turbellaria, Tricladida) from Israel0 aObservations on fission maturation and reproduction in Dugesia b a197-2010 v61 aBromley, Heather, J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/136900434nas a2200109 4500008004100000245011500041210006900156300001200225490000700237100002800244856005200272 1985 eng d00aThe biogeography of the genus Dugesia (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Paludicola) in the Mediterranean region0 abiogeography of the genus iDugesiai Turbellaria Tricladida Palud a509-5180 v121 aDe Vries, Elizabeth, J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/134200481nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179260001200248300001200260490000700272100002800279856005200307 1988 eng d00aA synopsis of the nominal species of the subgenus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Paludicola) from Africa and Madagascar0 asynopsis of the nominal species of the subgenus iDugesiai Platyh c04/1988 a345-3820 v921 ade Vries, Elizabeth, J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/133700447nas a2200097 4500008004100000245015200041210006900193490000700262100002800269856005200297 1988 eng d00aOn the identity and occurrence of Dugesia sicula and D. biblica (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola) in the Mediterranean region0 aidentity and occurrence of iDugesia siculai and iD biblicai Plat0 v361 ade Vries, Elizabeth, J. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/133801431nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014400041210006900185300001200254490000700266520086900273100001801142700002401160700001801184856008301202 1998 eng d00aThe genus Dugesia in Australia, with its phylogenetic analysis and historical biogeography (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)0 agenus iDugesiai in Australia with its phylogenetic analysis and  a273-2890 v273 a

The new species Dugesia notogaea Sluys & Kawakatsu, sp. n. is described from Queensland, Australia, representing the first record of the genus Dugesia for that continent. A phylogenetic analysis of the 68 species of Dugesia resulted in the discovery of a new apomorphy for the genus, and a cladogram showing two major phyletic groups. The distributional range of one group has a western accent, whereas that of the other group has an eastern emphasis; the ranges of these two groups overlap in Africa and the Mediterranean region. We attempt to determine the ancestral area for both the Dugesiidae and Dugesia. A scenario for the historical biogeography of the genus Dugesia is discussed. In this scenario it is presumed that the geological history of the Australasian region enabled Dugesia’s from southeast Asia to colonize northern Australia.

1 aSluys, Ronald1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aWinsor, Leigh uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1998.tb00461.x/abstract00581nas a2200157 4500008004100000245014100041210006900182300001200251490000800263100002000271700002600291700001800317700001800335700001800353856005200371 2004 eng d00aThe freshwater planarian Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in Tunisia: ecology, karyology, and morphology0 afreshwater planarian iDugesia siculai Lepori 1948 Platyhelminthe a161-1700 v5171 aCharni, Mohamed1 aHarrath, Abdel, Halim1 aSluys, Ronald1 aTekaya, Saida1 aZghal, Fathia uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/128402224nas a2200169 4500008004100000245013200041210006900173300001200242490000800254520167200262100001501934700001801949700002101967700001401988700001502002856003702017 2010 eng d00aSpermatogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)0 aSpermatogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in iDugesia sicu a118-1250 v1403 a

We examine for the first time spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis and spermatozoon ultrastructure in Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948 a sexual and diploid planarian living in Tunisian springs. This TEM-study shows that early spermatids joined by cytophores have rounded nuclei. During spermiogenesis, a row of microtubules appears in the differentiation zone beneath the plasma membrane and close to the intercentriolar body, which consists of several dense bands connected by filaments. Two free flagella (9+1 configuration) grow outside the spermatid. An apical layer of dense nucleoplasm develops and the flagellum appear, facing in opposite directions before rotating to lie parallel to each other after the intercentriolar body splits into two halves. Mitochondria are closely packed around the spermatocyte nucleus before fusing during spermiogenesis, to form a long mitochondrion, which lies parallel to the elongated nucleus along the ripe spermatozoon. The latter is thread-shaped and consists of two regions: the proximal process and a distal part. The former contains the nucleus and a part of the mitochondrion. The latter contains the rest of the mitochondrion and a tapering tail of the nucleus. Separation between these two regions is marked externally by the insertion zone of the two free flagella. The flagella extend posteriorly along the distal part of the spermatozoon. The spermatozoon nucleus consists of a lucent and a dense component coiled in a screw-like pattern around each other. The single row of peripheral microtubules consists of a maximum 40 microtubules in the middle part with an internal layer of three supplementary microtubules.

1 aCharni, M.1 aBen Ammar, A.1 aJaafoura, M., H.1 aZghal, F.1 aTekaya, S. uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1942/1132401622nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012600041210006900167300001200236490000800248520107600256100001501332700001801347700002101365700001401386700001501400856003701415 2010 eng d00aUltrastructure of germaria and vitellaria in Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948 (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola)0 aUltrastructure of germaria and vitellaria in iDugesia siculai Le a111-1180 v1403 a

The female gonad of the diploid and sexual planarian Dugesia sicula Lepori, 1948 has been studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The germaria consist of two ovaries occurring in the anterior body part behind the eyes. The vitellaria are composed of two lateral rows of vitelline follicles ranged dorsally and ventrally from the ovaries to the copulatory apparatus. During their growth, oocytes are provided with scattered residual yolk globules. The cytoplasm of maturing oocytes is filled with mitochondria, chromatoid bodies, Golgi complexes, RER, annulate lamellae and small yolk globules (2-3 μm in diameter) surrounded by a simple membrane, and lacks cortical granules. During the early stage of differentiation, vitellocytes enclose well-developed RER and Golgi complexes. Mature vitellocytes show yolk and eggshell globules, lipid droplets and glycogen particles. Golgi complexes and RER are involved in the production of eggshell and yolk globules respectively. Eggshell globules exhibit a concentric pattern typical for triclads.

1 aCharni, M.1 aBen Ammar, A.1 aJaafoura, M., H.1 aZghal, F.1 aTekaya, S. uhttp://hdl.handle.net/1942/1132301912nas a2200193 4500008004100000245018700041210006900228260001200297300001200309490000700321520121200328100002101540700001801561700001601579700003201595700002001627700001901647856005201666 2009 eng d00aMolecular barcoding and phylogeography of sexual and asexual freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia in the Western Mediterranean (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae).0 aMolecular barcoding and phylogeography of sexual and asexual fre c09/2009 a835-8450 v523 a

Planarians of the genus Dugesia have a worldwide distribution with high species diversity in the Mediterranean area. In this area, populations with a triploid karyotype that reproduce by fissiparity are exceptionally frequent, outnumbering the sexual populations. This situation poses interesting questions, such as the age of these asexual lineages, whether they all belong to the same species or whether the triploidization event is recurrent, and what factors (climatic, geographical, historical...) explain the prevalence of these asexual forms. However, asexual populations cannot be assigned to a species due to the lack of copulatory apparatus - the main structure used in species identification. In this study, we have developed a DNA barcoding method, based on COI and ITS-1 sequences, which allows the assignment of the fissiparous forms to sexual species. At the same time, phylogenetic analysis from species of the western Mediterranean have unveiled the presence of species with highly differentiated populations alongside species with a wide distribution and almost no genetic variation. The roles of habitat instability, dispersal capacity and human activities are briefly discussed.

1 aLázaro, Eva, M.1 aSluys, Ronald1 aPala, Maria1 aStocchino, Giacinta, Angela1 aBaguñà, Jaume1 aRiutort, Marta uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/124100627nas a2200169 4500008004100000245016100041210006900202300000900271490000900280100002000289700001800309700001600327700002400343700001900367700001900386856005200405 2012 eng d00aFreshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from the Palearctic section of the African continent: new records, with the description of a new species0 aFreshwater planarians Platyhelminthes Tricladida from the Palear a1-150 v31821 aHarrath, A., H.1 aSluys, Ronald1 aMerzoug, D.1 aYacoubi-Khebiza, M.1 aAlwasel, Saleh1 aRiutort, Marta uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/120600579nas a2200133 4500008004100000245019200041210006900233300001200302490000900314100003200323700001800355700002000373856005200393 2012 eng d00aA new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the Afromontane forest in South Africa, with an overview of freshwater planarians from the African continent0 anew species of iDugesiai Platyhelminthes Tricladida Dugesiidae f a43–580 v35511 aStocchino, Giacinta, Angela1 aSluys, Ronald1 aManconi, Renata uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/120702158nas a2200193 4500008004100000245012000041210006900161260001200230300001400242490000800256520150700264100001801771700001801789700002801807700002401835700002001859700001901879856006601898 2013 eng d00aIntegrative delineation of species of Mediterranean freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae)0 aIntegrative delineation of species of Mediterranean freshwater p c11/2013 a523–5470 v1693 a

The paper presents an integrative taxonomic study on dugesiid freshwater flatworms from the north-eastern Mediterranean region by applying both morphological and molecular criteria in the formulation of stable species hypotheses. The morphological information obtained for the specimens was used in a traditional way by comparing the organismal traits of the various populations and candidate species with those of known species, as documented in the taxonomic literature and as revealed by examination of histological sections of museum specimens. In the molecular species delimitation the General Mixed Yule-Coalescent method (GMYC) was used. Results of this study (1) supported the presence of 13 Dugesia species in the Hellenic area (including D. sicula Lepori, 1948, a pan-Mediterranean species), (2) culminated in the description of four new Dugesia species, (3) suggested the presence of two Confirmed Candidate Species, (4) pointed to 12 GMYC-delimited units in Greece and two in Slovakia as Unconfirmed Candidate Species and (5) revealed the presence of an entirely new genus, represented by two newly described species and a third Unconfirmed Candidate Species. Our results revealed a high diversity of dugesiid species in this relatively small region. It is concluded that the morphological features used by taxonomists in comparative studies of dugesiid flatworms generally result in reliable identifications and delineations of species taxa, except in the case of cryptic species.

1 aSluys, Ronald1 aSolà, Eduard1 aGritzalis, Konstantinos1 aVila-Farré, Miquel1 aMateos, Eduardo1 aRiutort, Marta uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/zoj.12077/abstract00511nas a2200133 4500008004100000245010300041210006900144260001200213300001200225490000700237100003200244700002000276856008100296 2013 eng d00aOverview of life cycles in model species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida)0 aOverview of life cycles in model species of the genus iDugesiai  c08/2013 a319-3280 v801 aStocchino, Giacinta, Angela1 aManconi, Renata uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/11250003.2013.822025#.UjmNhT9F9ws02974nas a2200121 4500008004100000245010400041210006900145490000700214520252500221100002102746700001902767856006602786 2013 eng d00aDugesia sicula (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida): the colonizing success of an asexual Planarian0 aiDugesia siculai Platyhelminthes Tricladida the colonizing succe0 v133 a

Background Dugesia sicula is the only species of its genus not presenting an endemic or restricted distribution within the Mediterranean area. It mostly comprises fissiparous populations (asexual reproduction by body division and regeneration), most likely sexually sterile, and characterized by an extremely low genetic diversity interpreted as the consequence of a recent anthropic expansion. However, its fissiparous reproduction can result in an apparent lack of diversity within the species, since genetic variation within individuals can be as large as between them because most individuals within a population are clones. We have estimated haplotype and nucleotide diversity of cytochrome oxidase I within and among individuals along the species distribution of a broad sample of D. sicula, including asexual and the two only sexual populations known today; and predicted its potential distribution based on climatic variables. Our aim was to determine the centre of colonisation origin, whether the populations are recent, and whether the species is expanding. Results The species presents 3 most frequent haplotypes, differing in a maximum of 11 base pairs. As expected from their fissiparous mode of reproduction, in half of all the analysed localities many individuals have multiple heteroplasmic haplotypes. The distribution of haplotypes is not geographically structured; however, the distribution of haplotypes and heteroplasmic populations shows higher diversity in the central Mediterranean region. The potential distribution predicted by climatic variables based modelling shows a preference for coastal areas and fits well with the observed data. Conclusions The distribution and frequency of the most frequent haplotypes and the presence of heteroplasmic individuals allow us to gain an understanding of the recent history of the species, together with previous knowledge on its phylogenetic relationships and age: The species most probably originated in Africa and dispersed through the central Mediterranean. After one or multiple populations became triploid and fissiparous, the species colonized the Mediterranean basin, likely both by its own means and helped by human activities. Its present distribution practically fulfils its potential distribution as modelled with climatic variables. Its prevalence in coastal regions with higher water temperatures predicts a likely future expansion to northern and more interior areas following the increase in temperatures due to climate change.

1 aLázaro, Eva, M.1 aRiutort, Marta uhttp://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-13-268.pdf