01970nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245011500055210006900170300001400239490000700253520144600260100002201706700002301728700002101751856004001772 2016 eng d a1463-640900aNon-destructive imaging to describe a new species of Obama land planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)0 aNondestructive imaging to describe a new species of iObamai land a566–5780 v453 a

The land planarians in the genus Obama include the largest species of the Neotropical Geoplaninae. Morphological discrimination of Obama species can be difficult, as many species are morphologically similar and some present asymmetric – difficult to interpret – copulatory organs. New techniques are thus welcomed to provide faster species description and identification. Here, we study several specimens of Obama by means of mainly 2D and 3D μCT-based images obtained through X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) of a paratype, and, complementarily, histological sections of the holotype and a second paratype, which were digitized into virtual slides. Comparison of these images with traditional histological sections and descriptions of the known species of the genus allows us to conclude that our specimens constitute a new species, which we describe here. We further evaluate the phylogenetic placement of the new species using gene fragments from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear elongation factor-1α. Raw and derivative μCT data and virtual histological sections were deposited in an open repository (GigaDB) and are freely available. This work leads us to conclude that μCT constitutes a relatively fast, inexpensive non-destructive method that produces results comparable to those of traditional histology, and is thus amenable for describing flatworm species.

1 aCarbayo, Fernando1 aFrancoy, Tiago, M.1 aGiribet, Gonzalo uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zsc.1217501097nas a2200157 4500008004100000020001400041245013300055210006900188260001100257300001000268490000600278520055300284100002200837700003200859856004800891 2016 eng d a2047-217X00aMicro-computed tomography scan and virtual histological slide data for the land planarian Obama otavioi (Platyhelminthes)0 aMicrocomputed tomography scan and virtual histological slide dat c2016// a1 - 70 v53 a

We investigated whether images obtained through X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) can be used in conjunction with traditional methods for morphological studies of soft-bodied land planarians. μCT is non-invasive and provides true-to-scale three-dimensional imagery at high resolution. We compared μCT-based images of a recently described land planarian species of Obama otavioi (Platyhelminthes) with those obtained from light microphotography of histological sections, most of which were also digitized at high magnification.

1 aCarbayo, Fernando1 aLenihan, Jennifer, Winifred uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13742-016-0119-402292nas a2200217 4500008004100000020001400041245008200055210006900137260005900206300001300265490000700278520157600285100001801861700002701879700002801906700002701934700001701961700001901978700002001997856005702017 2015 eng d a1932-620300aEvolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and Free-Living Flatworms0 aEvolutionary Analysis of Mitogenomes from Parasitic and FreeLivi aSan Francisco, CA USAbPublic Library of Sciencec2015 ae01200810 v103 a

Mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) are useful and relatively accessible sources of molecular data to explore and understand the evolutionary history and relationships of eukaryotic organisms across diverse taxonomic levels. The availability of complete mitogenomes from Platyhelminthes is limited; of the 40 or so published most are from parasitic flatworms (Neodermata). Here, we present the mitogenomes of two free-living flatworms (Tricladida): the complete genome of the freshwater species Crenobia alpina (Planariidae) and a nearly complete genome of the land planarian Obama sp. (Geoplanidae). Moreover, we have reanotated the published mitogenome of the species Dugesia japonica (Dugesiidae). This contribution almost doubles the total number of mtDNAs published for Tricladida, a species-rich group including model organisms and economically important invasive species. We took the opportunity to conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses between available free-living and selected parasitic flatworms in order to gain insights into the putative effect of life cycle on nucleotide composition through mutation and natural selection. Unexpectedly, we did not find any molecular hallmark of a selective relaxation in mitogenomes of parasitic flatworms; on the contrary, three out of the four studied free-living triclad mitogenomes exhibit higher A+T content and selective relaxation levels. Additionally, we provide new and valuable molecular data to develop markers for future phylogenetic studies on planariids and geoplanids.

1 aSolà, Eduard1 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta1 aFrías-López, Cristina1 aLittlewood, Timothy, J1 aRozas, Julio1 aRiutort, Marta1 aEscriva, Hector uhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4368550/00487nas a2200133 4500008004100000022002500041245007600066210006900142300001400211490000700225100002400232700002900256856006800285 2015 eng d a0022-2933, 1464-526200aPredation on invasive land gastropods by a {Neotropical} land planarian0 aPredation on invasive land gastropods by a Neotropical land plan a983–9940 v491 aBoll, Piter, Kehoma1 aLeal-Zanchet, Ana, Maria uhttp://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00222933.2014.98131200454nam a2200121 4500008004100000245007500041210006900116260003100185300000800216490000600224100001800230856008400248 1899 eng d00aMonographie der Turbellarien. II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien)0 aMonographie der Turbellarien II Tricladida Terricola Landplanari aLeipzigbWilhelm Engelmann a5740 v21 avon Graff, L. uhttp://edoc.hu-berlin.de/ebind/hdok/h07_turbellarien_2/XML/index.xml?part=thumb00422nas a2200109 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143490000700212100001600219700002500235856005200260 2001 eng d00aA new species of terrestrial planarian (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) from South Brazil0 anew species of terrestrial planarian Platyhelminthes Tricladida 0 v611 aCarbayo, F.1 aLeal-Zanchet, A., M. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/130101785nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014900041210006900190300000900259490000900268520123000277100002401507700002501531700002501556856005801581 2012 eng d00aThree new species of land flatworms and comments on a complex of species in the genus Geoplana Stimpson (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola)0 aThree new species of land flatworms and comments on a complex of a1-320 v33383 a

Three new species of Geoplana Stimpson, 1857 from south Brazil, Geoplana ficki sp. nov., G. carbayoi sp. nov., and G. baptistae sp. nov., with dark, nearly homogeneous dorsum, reddish or orange venter, and eyes spreading over the dorsum, are described. The three can be included in the Graff group of “large, broad and flat species”, designated the G. applanatagroup by C. G. Froehlich (1967). The first described species presenting this pattern was G. rufiventris Schultze & Müller, 1857. Later, several other authors described various species exhibiting the “dark dorsal surface and orange or reddish ventral side” pattern. These species constitute an assemblage which will be here designated the G. rufiventris-complex. Apart from presenting a similar pattern, a further considerable difficulty in differentiating these taxa from the other large, broad and flat species of the genus Geoplana which were included in Froehlich’s original G. applanata-group, resides in their possessing a very homogeneous copulatory apparatus. Characteristics of their external and internal morphology are here discussed to simplify the differentiation of sub-groups and comparison of species.

1 aAmaral, Silvana, V.1 aOliveira, Simone, M.1 aLeal-Zanchet, A., M. uhttp://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2012/2/zt03338p032.pdf01916nas a2200157 4500008004100000022001400041245006900055210006900124300001200193490000800205520140500213100001801618700001601636700002501652856008101677 2012 eng d a0003-474600aCarnivore mollusks as natural enemies of invasive land flatworms0 aCarnivore mollusks as natural enemies of invasive land flatworms a127-1310 v1613 a

There are several records of the carnivorous behaviour of land flatworms, considered to be top-predators in their micro-habitats, by preying upon various species of invertebrates. However, there is little knowledge of predators on land-flatworms. The possible impact of invasive land flatworms on prey populations has caused widespread concern, when considering their predatory behaviour, combined with recent human influence on the distribution of certain species. This work is the first record of predation on land flatworms by a carnivorous snail. Various-sized land flatworms of 10 native species of the subfamily Geoplaninae, as well as the exotic species Bipalium kewense (subfamily Bipaliinae), were offered to Rectartemon depressus (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae), which accepted all. The predator also fed on the snail Bradybaena similaris. The snails were maintained in laboratory for an average period of 12?months based on a mixed diet of flatworms and B. similaris, suggesting that the snail is a polyphagous predator. Because certain land-flatworm species have been described as invasive species which may have a potential impact on prey populations in native and man-made ecosystems, it is proposed that carnivorous snails of other native species, as potential predators of flatworms, should be tested for possible use in biological control programmes of these invasive planarians.

1 aLemos, V., S.1 aCanello, R.1 aLeal-Zanchet, A., M. uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2012.00556.x/abstract