00624nas a2200157 4500008004100000245017600041210006900217300001100286490000700297100002400304700003000328700002000358700002200378700001900400856004700419 2003 eng d00aMiscellaneous Papers on Turbellarians. II. Additions and corrections of the previous land planarian indices of the world (Turbellaria, Seriata, Tricladida, Terricola) - 110 aMiscellaneous Papers on Turbellarians II Additions and correctio a89-1140 v411 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aFroehlich, Eudoxia, Maria1 aJones, Hugh, D.1 aOgren, Robert, E.1 aSasaki, Gen-Yu uhttp://planarian.net/db/lpindex/ix2003.pdf00453nas a2200097 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300000900197100002200206856012700228 1954 eng d00aSome land planarians of the United States and Europe, with remarks on nomenclature0 aSome land planarians of the United States and Europe with remark a1-211 aHyman, Libbie, H. uhttp://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/4911//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/nov/N1667.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y00394nas a2200109 4500008004100000245007800041210006800119300002200187490000700209100001600216856005200232 1923 eng d00aBeiträge zur Kenntnis der Genera Bipalium und Rhynchodemus0 aBeiträge zur Kenntnis der Genera iBipaliumi und iRhynchodemusi a489-516 + Taf. 150 v461 aFrieb, Karl uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/174103549nas a2200433 4500008004100000020001400041245015600055210006900211260001500280300001000295490000600305520225600311653001802567653001302585653002102598653002102619653001902640653001802659653001602677653001402693653001902707653000802726100002202734700001802756700002302774700001902797700001802816700002602834700003202860700003002892700002302922700002102945700002202966700002402988700002303012700002103035700002003056856003903076 2015 eng d a2167-835900aThe invasive land planarian Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae): records from six new localities, including the first in the USA0 ainvasive land planarian iPlatydemus manokwarii Platyhelminthes G c2015/06/23 ae10370 v33 a

The land planarian Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963 or “New Guinea flatworm” is a highly invasive species, mainly in the Pacific area, and recently in Europe (France). We report specimens from six additional countries and territories: New Caledonia (including mainland and two of the Loyalty Islands, Lifou and Maré), Wallis and Futuna Islands, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Puerto Rico, and Florida, USA. We analysed the COI gene (barcoding) in these specimens with two sets of primers and obtained 909 bp long sequences. In addition, specimens collected in Townsville (Australia) were also sequenced. Two haplotypes of the COI sequence, differing by 3.7%, were detected: the “World haplotype” found in France, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Singapore, Florida and Puerto Rico; and the “Australian haplotype” found in Australia. The only locality with both haplotypes was in the Solomon Islands. The country of origin of Platydemus manokwari is New Guinea, and Australia and the Solomon Islands are the countries closest to New Guinea from which we had specimens. These results suggest that two haplotypes exist in the area of origin of the species, but that only one of the two haplotypes (the “World haplotype”) has, through human agency, been widely dispersed. However, since P. manokwari is now recorded from 22 countries in the world and we have genetic information from only 8 of these, with none from New Guinea, this analysis provides only partial knowledge of the genetic structure of the invasive species. Morphological analysis of specimens from both haplotypes has shown some differences in ratio of the genital structures but did not allow us to interpret the haplotypes as different species. The new reports from Florida and Puerto Rico are firsts for the USA, for the American continent, and the Caribbean. P. manokwari is a known threat for endemic terrestrial molluscs and its presence is a matter of concern. While most of the infected territories reported until now were islands, the newly reported presence of the species in mainland US in Florida should be considered a potential major threat to the whole US and even the Americas.

10aAlien species10aFlatworm10aFrench Polynesia10aInvasive species10aLand planarian10aNew Caledonia10aPuerto Rico10aSingapore10aSolomon Island10aUSA1 aJustine, Jean-Lou1 aWinsor, Leigh1 aBarrière, Patrick1 aFanai, Crispus1 aGey, Delphine1 aHan, Andrew, Wee Kien1 aLa Quay-Velázquez, Giomara1 aLee, Benjamin, Paul Yi-Ha1 aLefevre, Jean-Marc1 aMeyer, Jean-Yves1 aPhilippart, David1 aRobinson, David, G.1 aThévenot, Jessica1 aTsatsia, Francis1 aBuckley, Hannah uhttps://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.103701033nas a2200157 4500008004100000245013500041210006900176260001200245300001000257490000700267520049200274100002400766700002200790700001800812856004500830 1992 eng d00aResdescription of Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1962 Turbellaria: Tricladida: Terricola) from Guam and the Philippines0 aResdescription of iPlatydemus manokwarii de Beauchamp 1962 Turbe c06/1992 a11-250 v473 a

Platydemus manokwari DE BEAUCHAMP, 1962 (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) is redescribed in detail based upon materials from Guam and Bugsuk Island, the Philippines. The animals measure up 50 to 80mm or more in length and 4 to 8mm in width and black in color with a narrow middorsal longitudinal stripe on the dorsal surface. This species is known as a predator of giant African snails. Geographical distribution and ecology of this land planarian species are also discussed.

1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aOgren, Robert, E.1 aMUNIAPPAN, R. uhttp://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002341506/en00502nas a2200121 4500008004100000245017800041210006900219260000900288300001200297490000800309100002200317856004100339 1986 eng d00aDevelopment of the reproductive apparatus of the land planarian Rhynchodemus sylvaticus (Turbellaria: Tricladida) and its significance for classification in the genus0 aDevelopment of the reproductive apparatus of the land planarian  c1986 a175-1800 v1321 aOgren, Robert, E. uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0004624501082nas a2200145 4500008004100000245010200041210006900143300001200212490000700224520057800231100001600809700001500825700001500840856008100855 2006 eng d00aHigh Predation Pressure by an Introduced Flatworm on Land Snails on the Oceanic Ogasawara Islands0 aHigh Predation Pressure by an Introduced Flatworm on Land Snails a700-7030 v393 a

The introduction of a predatory flatworm, Platydemus manokwari, has been considered a cause of the decline of endemic land snails on the tropical oceanic islands. To clarify the effect of P. manokwari on land snail survival in the field, we examined survival rates of snails experimentally placed in areas where snails are absent (i.e., P. manokwari is present) on Chichijima, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands. We found that over 50 and 90 percent of the snails were dead after 3 and 11 d, respectively, and that the main cause of mortality was predation by P. manokwari.

1 aSugiura, S.1 aOkochi, I.1 aTamada, H. uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00196.x/abstract00578nas a2200145 4500008004100000022001400041245014100055210006900196260000900265300001200274490000700286100002100293700003500314856008300349 2007 eng d a1415-475700aComparative karyotype analysis in diploid and triploid Dolichoplana carvalhoi (Tricladida, Terricola, Rhynchodemidae) from Brazil0 aComparative karyotype analysis in diploid and triploid iDolichop c2007 a375-3790 v301 aAlvarez, Luciana1 ade Almeida, Eunice, Judith Car uhttp://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-4757200700030001301701nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008700041210006900128300001200197490000700209520126100216100001601477700001601493856005801509 2009 eng d00aPotential impacts of the invasive flatworm Platydemus manokwari on arboreal snails0 aPotential impacts of the invasive flatworm Platydemus manokwari  a737-7420 v113 a

The introduction of the snail-eating flatworm Platydemus manokwari (Tricladida: Rhynchodemidae) has been considered a cause of the extinction of native land snails on several Pacific islands. Although P. manokwari is known to attack land snails on the ground, whether P. manokwari attacks snails on trees remains unclear. To clarify the effect of P. manokwari on arboreal snails, we examined survival rates of land snails experimentally placed on tree trunks (0.5–2.0 m above the ground) in a forest on Chichijima, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The survival of snails experimentally placed on tree trunks with artificially created snail scent trails rapidly decreased for 7 days, and the mortality was caused by P. manokwari predation. However, snails placed on tree trunks without snail scent trails were not attacked by P. manokwari. Therefore, P. manokwari climbed tree trunks, likely tracking the snail scent. We found that over 40% of the snails placed on tree trunks with snail scent trails were eaten by P. manokwari within 7 days. This experiment supports the hypothesis that P. manokwari predation is an important cause of the rapid decline or extinction of native arboreal snails on Pacific islands.

1 aSugiura, S.1 aYamaura, Y. uhttp://www.springerlink.com/content/l654j1846k803u22/01996nas a2200121 4500008004100000245015000041210006900191300001400260490000800274520150500282100001601787856007101803 2009 eng d00aSeasonal fluctuation of invasive flatworm predation pressure on land snails: Implications for the range expansion and impacts of invasive species0 aSeasonal fluctuation of invasive flatworm predation pressure on  a3013-30190 v1423 a

Introduction of the snail-eating flatworm Platydemus manokwari has caused extinction and decline of native land snails on tropical and subtropical islands. As the factors influencing flatworm predation pressure on land snails remain unclear, I examined the effects of seasonal variation in flatworm predation pressure on land snail survival in the wild on a subtropical island. I also examined the feeding activities of P. manokwari under laboratory conditions. Survival rates of land snails experimentally placed on the forest floor for 7 days ranged from 0% to 100% among seasons on the oceanic island Chichijima [Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands]. More than 90% of snails were killed by P. manokwari within 7 days in the period from July to November, while less than 40% of snails were killed in other months. Snail mortality rate (0–100%) attributable to P. manokwari was positively correlated with mean temperature (17.1–27.3 °C) in the study area. Laboratory experiments showed that low temperature influenced snail survival and regulated feeding activity of P. manokwari. Laboratory experiments also suggested that high densities of P. manokwari may cause a rapid decline in snail survival. Therefore, ambient temperature and density of P. manokwari may regulate seasonal variations in predation pressure on land snails. Recent global warming may increase the probability of invasion and population establishment, and elevate the impacts of P. manokwari in temperate regions.

1 aSugiura, S. uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000632070900361900534nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014500041210006900186260000900255300000900264100001900273700001500292700001400307700001500321856005200336 2008 eng d00aTerrestrial planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) from the Iberian Peninsula: new records and description of three new species0 aTerrestrial planarians Platyhelminthes Tricladida Terricola from c2008 a1-201 aVila-Farre, M.1 aMateos, E.1 aSluys, R.1 aRomero, R. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/125101782nas a2200169 4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260003300247300001300280490000700293520120800300100001701508700002001525700001901545856004801564 2010 eng d a0028-104200aPrey-tracking behavior in the invasive terrestrial planarian Platydemus manokwari (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida)0 aPreytracking behavior in the invasive terrestrial planarian iPla bSpringer Berlin / Heidelberg a997-10020 v973 a

Platydemus manokwari is a broadly distributed invasive terrestrial flatworm that preys heavily on land snails and has been credited with the demise of numerous threatened island faunas. We examined whether P. manokwari tracks the mucus trails of land snail prey, investigated its ability to determine trail direction, and evaluated prey preference among various land snail species. A plastic treatment plate with the mucus trail of a single species and a control plate without the trail were placed side by side at the exit of cages housing P. manokwari . All trials were then videotaped overnight. The flatworms moved along plates with mucus trails, but did not respond to plates without trails, blank control (distilled water), or with conspecific flatworm trails. When presented at the midpoint of a snail mucus trail, the flatworms followed the trail in a random direction. The flatworms showed a preference when choosing between two plates, each with a mucus trail of different land snail species. Our results suggest that P. manokwari follows snail mucus trails based on chemical cues to increase the chance of encountering prey; however, trail-tracking behavior showed no directionality.

1 aIwai, Noriko1 aSugiura, Shinji1 aChiba, Satoshi uhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-010-0717-402098nas a2200133 4500008004100000245008900041210006900130260000900199300000900208490000700217520167200224100001601896856005201912 2010 eng d00aPrey preference and gregarious attacks by the invasive flatworm Platydemus manokwari0 aPrey preference and gregarious attacks by the invasive flatworm  c1507 a14990 v123 a

The flatworm Platydemus manokwari (Tricladida: Rhynchodemidae) preys on various species of land snail, and its introduction to areas outside of its native range is thought to have caused the extinction of native land snails on several Pacific islands. Platydemus manokwari occurs in areas where land snails have been absent since its invasion, suggesting that the flatworm can prey on animals other than land snails. To identify the alternative prey and prey preferences of P. manokwari, I examined the feeding ecology of P. manokwari under field and laboratory conditions. Individuals were observed attacking live earthworms in a forest where land snails are already extinct, on Chichijima, Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan. I also observed them attacking earthworms and a species of isopod and land snail in the lab. To prey on the worm, similar to other earthworm-eating flatworms, P. manokwari wrapped itself around the prey and fed on it by inserting its pharynx into the earthworm’s body. Large earthworms were able to escape P. manokwari attacks by autotomy, but the autotomized body parts were eaten. Several P. manokwari individuals together attacked earthworms that were larger than themselves. The laboratory experiments showed that such gregarious attacks increased predation success on both large earthworms and land snails. The flatworms also attacked the isopods, although the predation rate was low. These results demonstrate that P. manokwari is a polyphagous predator of slowmoving soil invertebrates (land snails, slugs, earthworms, and isopods) and that invasion by P. manokwari may directly and indirectly impact native soil fauna.

1 aSugiura, S. uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/122500626nas a2200157 4500008004100000245016800041210006900209300001400278490000700292100002400299700001800323700002000341700002000361700001900381856006800400 2011 eng d00aLand planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae) from the Iberian Peninsula: new records and description of two new species, with a discussion on ecology0 aLand planarians Platyhelminthes Tricladida Geoplanidae from the  a869 - 8910 v451 aVila-Farré, Miquel1 aSluys, Ronald1 aMateos, Eduardo1 aJones, Hugh, D.1 aRomero, Rafael uhttp://pdfserve.informaworld.com/539097_788671212_935776938.pdf02846nas a2200169 4500008004100000245012800041210006900169300000900238490000600247520228300253100002502536700001802561700001802579700001702597700002302614856003902637 2014 eng d00aThe invasive New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari in France, the first record for Europe: time for action is now0 ainvasive New Guinea flatworm iPlatydemus manokwarii in France th ae2970 v23 a

Non-indigenous terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes) have been recorded in thirteen European countries. They include Bipalium kewense and Dolichoplana striata that are largely restricted to hothouses and may be regarded as non-invasive species. In addition there are species from the southern hemisphere such as the invasive New Zealand flatworm Arthurdendyus triangulatus in the United Kingdom, Eire and the Faroe Islands, the Australian flatworm Australoplana sanguinea alba in Eire and the United Kingdom, and the Australian Blue Garden flatworm Caenoplana coerulea in France, Menorca and the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has some twelve or more non-indigenous species most of which are Australian and New Zealand species. These species may move to an invasive stage when optimum environmental and other conditions occur, and the flatworms then have the potential to cause economic or environmental harm. In this paper, we report the identification (from morphology and molecular analysis of COI sequences) of non-indigenous terrestrial flatworms found in a hothouse in Caen (France) as the New Guinea flatworm Platydemus manokwari de Beauchamp, 1963 (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola, Geoplanidae, Rhynchodeminae). Platydemus manokwari is among the “100 World’s Worst Invader Alien Species”. Lists of World geographic records, prey in the field and prey in laboratories of P. manokwari are provided. This species is considered a threat to native snails wherever it is introduced. The recent discovery of P. manokwari in France represents a significant extension of distribution of this Invasive Alien Species from the Indo-Pacific region to Europe. If it escaped the hothouse, the flatworm might survive winters and become established in temperate countries. The existence of this species in France requires an early warning of this incursion to State and European Union authorities, followed by the eradication of the flatworm in its locality, tightening of internal quarantine measures to prevent further spread of the flatworm to and from this site, identifying if possible the likely primary source of the flatworm, and tracing other possible incursions that may have resulted from accidental dispersal of plants and soil from the site.

1 aJustine​, Jean-Lou1 aWinsor, Leigh1 aGey, Delphine1 aGros, Pierre1 aThévenot, Jessica uhttps://peerj.com/articles/297.pdf