02490nas a2200241   4500008004100000020001400041245014100055210006900196260003900265300001600304490000600320520169900326653002502025653001502050653002802065653001202093653001702105653002202122100002702144700002002171700001902191856003802210       2018                        eng d  a2045-775800aHidden diversity in forest soils: Characterization and comparison of terrestrial flatworm’s communities in two national parks in Spain0 aHidden diversity in forest soils Characterization and comparison  bJohn Wiley & Sons, Ltdc2018/08/01  a7386 - 74000 v83 aAbstract Terrestrial flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, and Geoplanidae) belong to what is known as cryptic soil fauna of humid forests and are animals not easily found or captured in traps. Nonetheless, they have been demonstrated to be good indicators of the conservation status of their habitat as well as a good model to reconstruct the recent and old events affecting biodiversity. This is mainly due to their delicate constitution, their dependence on the integrity of their habitat, and their very low dispersal capacity. At present, little is known about their communities, except for some studies performed in Brazil. In this work, we analyze for the first time in Europe terrestrial flatworm communities. We have selected two protected areas belonging to the Red Española de Parques Nacionales. Our aims include performing a first study of the species richness and community structure for European terrestrial planarian species at regional and local scale. We evaluate the effect of type of forests in the community composition and flatworms? abundance, but also have into account the phylogenetic framework (never considered in previous studies) analyzed based on molecular data. We find differences in the species composition among parks, with an astonishingly high diversity of endemic species in the Parque Nacional de Picos de Europa and an extremely low diversity of species in the Parque Nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido. These divergent patterns cannot be attributed to differences in physical variables, and in addition, the analyses of their phylogenetic relationships and, for a few species, their genetic structure, point to a more probable historical explanation.10aLast Glacial Maximum10aMicroplana10amolecular phylogenetics10arefugia10asoil ecology10aspecies diversity1 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta1 aMateos, Eduardo1 aRiutort, Marta  uhttps://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4178