@article {1805, title = {Studies on the Probursalia (Freshwater Triclade) of Hokkaido. I. On two new species of the genus Dendrocoelopsis Kenk, D. lacteus and D. ezensis}, journal = {Bulletin of the Kyoto Gakugei University. Series B.}, year = {1958}, pages = {9-18}, author = {Ichikawa, A. and Okugawa, K.I.} } @article {756, title = {Report on the ecological survey of freshwater planarians in the Teshio Mountains and its adjacent seaboard district on the Sea of Japan, Hokkaido}, journal = {Japanese Journal of Ecology}, volume = {16}, number = {4}, year = {1966}, pages = {129-133}, abstract = {

The vertical distribution of the freshwater planarians in the Teshio Mountains (the Uryu mountainous district) and its adjacent seaboard district on the Sea of Japan in central and North Hokkaido is reported. The Teshio Mountains are rather low mountains and the highest peak, Mt. Pissiri, is 1031.5 m above sea level. The seaboard district on the Sea of Japan consists of 2 topographical units, one is the low land (the district between Wakkanai and Rumoi) and the other is the Mashike mountainous district (the main peak, Mt. Shokanbetsudake, is 1491 m high). The area surveyed is situated in Latitude 43[degree]30\’N. to 45[degree]30\’N. and Longitude 141[degree]20\’E. to 142[degree]30\’E. The main river systems of the districts are the Ishikari, the Teshio and several short rivers (the Enbetsu, the Kotanbetsu, the Obirashibe and the Shokanbetsu). Surveys were made chiefly in the summers of 1962, 1963, 1964 and 1965. In the area surveyed, 9 spp. of freshwater planarians, Dugesia japonica Ichikawa et Kawakatsu, Phagocata vivida (Ijima et Kaburaki), Phagocata iwamai Ichikawa et Kawakatsu, Phagocata albata Ichikawa et Kawakatsu, Polycelis sapporo (Ijima et Kaburaki), Polycelis schmidti (Zabusov), Dendrocoelopsis lacteus Ichikawa et Okugawa, Dendrocoelopsis ezensis Ichikawa et Okugawa and Dendrocoelopsis sp. of Otoineppu, were found (including the data of Dr. Kawakatsu). P. sapporo was found everywhere in the streams and springs both in the seashore district and the stations below the altitude of about 460 m. P. schmidti was rather common in the cold-water localities in the Teshio Mountains and at Teshio-cho (alt 15-740 m). P. vivida was collected only in the cold-water spring at On\’nenai (the northernmost locality of this species). The other 6 spp. were found chifely in the localities in the plain. The inhabitable water temperature range of the main species of freshwater planarians is as follows: P. sapporo (6.2-18.3[degree]C); P. schmidti (7.0-10.2[degree]C). The type of vertical distribution in the area surveyed is JSC-SC-C. The geographical distribution of P. vivida, P. auriculata and P. schmidti in Hokkaido is also described (modifica-tion of the deduction of the Dr. Kawakatsu\’s 1965 article). The northern limit of distribution of P. vivida: the Oshima Peninsula-Sapporo-Mt. Teshio-the Shiretoko Peninsula. The northern limit of distribution of Polycelis auriculata: the Oshima Peninsula-Sapporo-Mt. Teshio-Kushiro. The southern limit of distribution of P. schmidti: Mt. Pisshiri-Mt. Teshio-Akan-the Shiretoko Peninsula.

}, author = {Yamada, Tatsuya} } @article {839, title = {An illustrated list of japanese freshwater planarians in color}, journal = {Bulletin of Fuji Women{\textquoteright}s College}, volume = {7}, year = {1969}, pages = {45-91}, address = {Sapporo}, author = {Masaharu Kawakatsu} } @article {587, title = {Genetic Divergence of Japanese Turbellarians, Studied by Comparisons of Partial 18S rRNA Gene Sequences. I. On Representatives of Dendrocoelidae (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Paludicola)}, journal = {Zoological Science}, volume = {17}, number = {4}, year = {2000}, pages = {491-496}, abstract = {

This study obtained 18S rDNA sequence data to investigate the extent of genetic divergence in the Japanese dendrocoelid group, and applied the data to the estimation of phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy. The sequence data, consisting of 558 base positions in an aligned data set, were obtained by using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. For comparative analysis, the 18S rRNA gene sequence data on dendrocoelids from different distant geographical places (Europe, Lake Baikal in Siberia, Kamchatka) published previously were used. Such analysis showed that: (1) Bdellocephala species from Japan, Kamchatka and Lake Baikal are closely related ; (2) Japanese species classified within the genus Dendrocoelopsis do not form a single cluster of closely related organisms; (3) Dendrocoelopsis ichikawai differs minimally from Bdellocephala baicalensis (from Lake Baikal), reliably groups with all Bdellocephala, and should therefore be classed with this genus. Taxonomic conclusions. (1) The genus Dendrocoelopsis should be revised after molecular typification of European and American representatives. (2) The current generic status of D. ichikawai based on the presence of a well-developed penis papilla should be reconsidered. (3) Sequence divergence amongst representatives of B. brunnea indicates that representatives should be closely examined for the presence of morphological characters by which they might be distinguished.

}, doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.2108/0289-0003(2000)17[491:GDOJTS]2.0.CO;2}, author = {Konstantin D. Kuznedelov and Sachiko Ishida and Shin-ichiro Nishitani} } @article {569, title = {Towards a phylogenetic classification of dendrocoelid freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes): a morphological and eclectic approach}, journal = {Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research}, volume = {44}, number = {4}, year = {2006}, month = {08/2006}, pages = {274{\textendash}284}, abstract = {

We explore and review the taxonomic distribution of morphological features that may be used as supporting apomorphies for the monophyletic status of various taxa in future, more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the dendrocoelid freshwater planarians and their close relatives. Characters examined are: (i) musculature of the pharynx; (ii) anatomy of the eye; (iii) distribution of testis follicles along the longitudinal axis of the body; (iv) epidermis of the body wall; (v) musculature of the ventral body wall; (vi) presence or absence of a penis papilla; (vii) position of the mouth opening; and (viii) anterior adhesive organ. A phylogenetic hypothesis, in the form of a character state tree, is developed. This hypothesis suggests that the Kenkiidae should be resurrected as a separate family, sharing a sistergroup relationship with the Dendrocoelidae. This sistergroup relationship is supported by the shared presence of an apomorphic anterior adhesive organ. Although the shape of the anterior adhesive organ, both within and between kenkiids and dendrocoelids, may differ considerably between species, they are all constructed according to the same principles. The monophyly of the Kenkiidae is supported by the presence of an apomorphic thickening of the marginal zone of the epidermis and presumably also by the presence of prepharyngeal testes. Within the Kenkiidae, the genus Macrocotyla should be considered as a junior synonym of Kenkia, which is characterized by the presence of an apomorphic Ôplanariid pharynx-type 2Õ. The monophyly of the Dendrocoelidae is suggested by the presence of a dendrocoelid type of pharynx. It is shown that multicellular eye cups with numerous photoreceptor cells are not restricted to the Dugesiidae and the Terricola but are also characteristic for the Dendrocoelidae; the phylogenetic implications of this character state distribution are discussed. It is pointed out that in planarians there may be a relationship between: (i) body size, the size of an eye cup and the number of its constituent pigment cells; and (ii) the size of an eye cup and the number of photoreceptor cells that it contains. Some tentative phylogenetic groups are suggested on the basis of the following presumed apomorphic characters: presence of transverse fibres in the ventral subepidermal musculature, presence of an extra longitudinal muscle layer in the outer pharynx musculature, a mouth opening that has shifted anteriad. It is suggested that the presumed monophyly of the genus Bdellocephala is supported by the apomorphic absence of a penis papilla, combined with a penial lumen provided with many plicae.

}, doi = {10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00371.x}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00371.x/pdf}, author = {Ronald Sluys and Masaharu Kawakatsu} }