03238nas a2200385   4500008004100000022001400041245012300055210006900178260001600247300001000263490000800273520205700281653002402338653001202362653001802374653002302392653002002415653002202435653001202457653002802469653001902497653001902516653002202535653001502557653005202572653002702624653003402651100002102685700002002706700002102726700001702747700001602764700002002780856005202800       2002                        eng d  a0021-996700aGene organization and expression of a neuropeptide Y homolog from the land planarian <i>Arthurdendyus triangulatus</i>0 aGene organization and expression of a neuropeptide Y homolog fro  c2002 Dec 02  a58-640 v4543 a<p>Neuropeptide Y is one of the most widespread regulatory peptides within the vertebrate nervous system and shares the C-terminal motif [FY]-x(3)-[LIVM]-x(2)-Y-x(3)-[LIVMFY]-x-R-x-R-[YF] with pancreatic polypeptide, peptide YY, and fish pancreatic peptide Y. All four peptides are believed to have arisen from a single ancestral gene through successive gene duplication events in vertebrates. The origin of this peptide family may date back further still; similarly sized peptide transmitters with an identical C-terminal motif have been identified in molluscs and flatworms and designated neuropeptide F (NPF). Cloning of the npf gene from the parasitic flatworm Moniezia expansa identified some unusual features within the peptide precursor organization but, at the same time, provided support for an evolutionary relationship of npf and npy genes through the presence of a single intron at a conserved position. To extend the analysis of the evolutionary relationships between invertebrate NPF and vertebrate NPY family peptides, the NPF precursor from the turbellarian Arthurdendyus triangulatus was characterized. Sequence analysis revealed the npf transcript to be 362 base pairs in length encoding a single open reading frame of 81 amino acids. The precursor comprises a signal peptide followed by the mature peptide of 36 amino acids in length, terminating in the typical invertebrate GRPRF motif, followed by a carboxyterminal glycyl extension. The NPF precursor of A. triangulatus shows significant similarities to the vertebrate NPY peptides. Indeed, the N-terminus of A. triangulatus prepro-NPF corresponds more closely to that of the vertebrate peptide homologs than to that of other invertebrate NPFs isolated to date. Immunocytochemical localization studies have demonstrated NPF immunoreactivity throughout the nervous system of A. triangulatus, particularly in association with muscular structures. The data support an early evolutionary origin for this peptide transmitter family within the nervous system of basal bilaterians.</p>
10aAmino Acid Sequence10aAnimals10aBase Sequence10aDNA, Complementary10aGenomic Library10aHelminth Proteins10aIntrons10aMolecular Sequence Data10aNervous system10aNeuropeptide Y10aOrgan Specificity10aplanarians10aReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction10aSequence Analysis, DNA10aSequence Homology, Amino Acid1 aDougan, Paula, M1 aMair, Gunnar, R1 aHalton, David, W1 aCurry, James1 aDay, Tim, A1 aMaule, Aaron, G  uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/1738