01957nas a2200157 4500008004100000245012200041210006900163260001200232300001200244490000700256520139900263100002701662700002001689700001901709856007101728 2008 eng d00aMolecular phylogeny of land and freshwater planarians (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes): from freshwater to land and back0 aMolecular phylogeny of land and freshwater planarians Tricladida c05/2008 a555-5680 v473 a

The suborder Tricladida (phylum Platyhelminthes) comprises the well-known free-living flatworms, taxonomically grouped into three infraorders according to their ecology: Maricola (marine planarians), Paludicola (freshwater planarians), and Terricola (land planarians). Molecular analyses have demonstrated that the Paludicola are paraphyletic, the Terricola being the sister group of one of the three paludicolan families, the Dugesiidae. However, neither 18S rDNA nor COI based trees have been able to resolve the relationships among species of Terricola and Dugesiidae, particularly the monophyly of Terricola. Here, we present new molecular data including sequences of nuclear genes (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA) and a mitochondrial gene (COI) of a wider sample of dugesiid and terricolan species. The new sequences have been analyzed, together with those previously obtained, in independent and concatenated analyses using maximum likelihood and bayesian methods. The results show that, although some parts of the trees remain poorly resolved, they support a monophyletic origin for Terricola followed by a likely return of some species to freshwater habitats. Relationships within the monophyletic group of Dugesiidae are clearly resolved, and relationships among some terricolan subfamilies are also clearly established and point to the need for a thorough revision of Terricola taxonomy.

1 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta1 aBaguñà, Jaume1 aRiutort, Marta uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105579030800039001912nas a2200193 4500008004100000245018700041210006900228260001200297300001200309490000700321520121200328100002101540700001801561700001601579700003201595700002001627700001901647856005201666 2009 eng d00aMolecular barcoding and phylogeography of sexual and asexual freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia in the Western Mediterranean (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae).0 aMolecular barcoding and phylogeography of sexual and asexual fre c09/2009 a835-8450 v523 a

Planarians of the genus Dugesia have a worldwide distribution with high species diversity in the Mediterranean area. In this area, populations with a triploid karyotype that reproduce by fissiparity are exceptionally frequent, outnumbering the sexual populations. This situation poses interesting questions, such as the age of these asexual lineages, whether they all belong to the same species or whether the triploidization event is recurrent, and what factors (climatic, geographical, historical...) explain the prevalence of these asexual forms. However, asexual populations cannot be assigned to a species due to the lack of copulatory apparatus - the main structure used in species identification. In this study, we have developed a DNA barcoding method, based on COI and ITS-1 sequences, which allows the assignment of the fissiparous forms to sexual species. At the same time, phylogenetic analysis from species of the western Mediterranean have unveiled the presence of species with highly differentiated populations alongside species with a wide distribution and almost no genetic variation. The roles of habitat instability, dispersal capacity and human activities are briefly discussed.

1 aLázaro, Eva, M.1 aSluys, Ronald1 aPala, Maria1 aStocchino, Giacinta, Angela1 aBaguñà, Jaume1 aRiutort, Marta uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/124100657nas a2200157 4500008004100000245022800041210006900269300001200338490000700350100002700357700001500384700001900399700001400418700001500432856005200447 2012 eng d00aEvidence for the persistence of the land planarian species Microplana terrestris (Müller, 1774) (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in microrefugia during the Last Glacial Maximum in the northern section of the Iberian Peninsula0 aEvidence for the persistence of the land planarian species Micro a491-4990 v641 aÁlvarez-Presas, Marta1 aMateos, E.1 aVila-Farre, M.1 aSluys, R.1 aRiutort, M uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/120403182nas a2200277 4500008004100000020001400041245017400055210006900229260001300298300001400311490000700325520228600332653001102618653001702629653000802646653002102654653002602675653001002701653002002711653001902731100001802750700001802768700002802786700001902814856007102833 2013 eng d a1055-790300aFluvial basin history in the northeastern Mediterranean region underlies dispersal and speciation patterns in the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae)0 aFluvial basin history in the northeastern Mediterranean region u c2013/3// a877 - 8880 v663 a

In this study we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of eastern Mediterranean freshwater planarians of the genus Dugesia, estimated divergence times for the various clades, and correlated their phylogeographic patterns with geological and paleoclimatic events, in order to discover which evolutionary processes have shaped the present-day distribution of these animals. Specimens were collected from freshwater courses and lakes in continental and insular Greece. Genetic divergences and phylogenetic relationships were inferred by using the mitochondrial gene subunit I of cytochrome oxidase (COI) and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) from 74 newly collected individuals from Greece. Divergence time estimates were obtained under a Bayesian framework, using the COI sequences. Two alternative geological dates for the isolation of Crete from the mainland were tested as calibration points. A clear phylogeographic pattern was present for Dugesia lineages in the Eastern Mediterranean. Morphological data, combined with information on genetic divergences, revealed that eight out of the nine known species were represented in the samples, while additional new, and still undescribed species were detected. Divergence time analyses suggested that Dugesia species became isolated in Crete after the first geological isolation of the island, and that their present distribution in the Eastern Mediterranean has been shaped mainly by vicariant events but also by dispersal. During the Messinian salinity crisis these freshwater planarians apparently were not able to cross the sea barrier between Crete and the mainland, while they probably did disperse between islands in the Aegean Sea. Their dependence on freshwater to survive suggests the presence of contiguous freshwater bodies in those regions. Our results also suggest a major extinction of freshwater planarians on the Peloponnese at the end of the Pliocene, while about 2 Mya ago, when the current Mediterranean climate was established, these Peloponnese populations probably began to disperse again. At the end of the Pliocene or during the Pleistocene, mainland populations of Dugesia colonized the western coast, including the Ionian Islands, which were then part of the continent.

10aAegean10aBiogeography10aCOI10aDivergence times10aFreshwater planarians10aITS-110aMolecular clock10aPhylogeography1 aSolà, Eduard1 aSluys, Ronald1 aGritzalis, Konstantinos1 aRiutort, Marta uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790312004423