00477nas a2200133   4500008004100000245011100041210006900152300001200221490000600233100002400239700001300263700001500276856005200291       1978                        eng d00aBdellocephala borealis sp. nov., a new freshwater planarian from Rishiri and Okushiri islands off Hokkaido0 aBdellocephala borealis sp nov a new freshwater planarian from Ri  a79–980 v41 aKawakatsu, Masaharu1 aAsai, E.1 aYamada, T.  uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/136202062nas a2200145   4500008004100000245019100041210006900232300001200301490000700313520146600320100003101786700002001817700002701837856005201864       2000                        eng d00aGenetic Divergence of Japanese Turbellarians, Studied by Comparisons of Partial 18S rRNA Gene Sequences. I. On Representatives of Dendrocoelidae (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Paludicola)0 aGenetic Divergence of Japanese Turbellarians Studied by Comparis  a491-4960 v173 a<p>This study obtained 18S rDNA sequence data to investigate the extent of genetic divergence in the Japanese dendrocoelid group, and applied the data to the estimation of phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy. The sequence data, consisting of 558 base positions in an aligned data set, were obtained by using the polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. For comparative analysis, the 18S rRNA gene sequence data on dendrocoelids from different distant geographical places (Europe, Lake Baikal in Siberia, Kamchatka) published previously were used. Such analysis showed that: (1) Bdellocephala species from Japan, Kamchatka and Lake Baikal are closely related ; (2) Japanese species classified within the genus Dendrocoelopsis do not form a single cluster of closely related organisms; (3) Dendrocoelopsis ichikawai differs minimally from Bdellocephala baicalensis (from Lake Baikal), reliably groups with all Bdellocephala, and should therefore be classed with this genus. Taxonomic conclusions. (1) The genus Dendrocoelopsis should be revised after molecular typification of European and American representatives. (2) The current generic status of D. ichikawai based on the presence of a well-developed penis papilla should be reconsidered. (3) Sequence divergence amongst representatives of B. brunnea indicates that representatives should be closely examined for the presence of morphological characters by which they might be distinguished.</p>
1 aKuznedelov, Konstantin, D.1 aIshida, Sachiko1 aNishitani, Shin-ichiro  uhttps://continenticola.myspecies.info/node/130503209nas a2200145   4500008004100000245013700041210006900178260001200247300001400259490000700273520266500280100001802945700002402963856007602987       2006                        eng d00aTowards a phylogenetic classification of dendrocoelid freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes): a morphological and eclectic approach0 aTowards a phylogenetic classification of dendrocoelid freshwater  c08/2006  a274–2840 v443 a<p>We explore and review the taxonomic distribution of morphological features that may be used as supporting apomorphies for the monophyletic status of various taxa in future, more comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of the dendrocoelid freshwater planarians and their close relatives. Characters examined are: (i) musculature of the pharynx; (ii) anatomy of the eye; (iii) distribution of testis follicles along the longitudinal axis of the body; (iv) epidermis of the body wall; (v) musculature of the ventral body wall; (vi) presence or absence of a penis papilla; (vii) position of the mouth opening; and (viii) anterior adhesive organ. A phylogenetic hypothesis, in the form of a character state tree, is developed. This hypothesis suggests that the Kenkiidae should be resurrected as a separate family, sharing a sistergroup relationship with the Dendrocoelidae. This sistergroup relationship is supported by the shared presence of an apomorphic anterior adhesive organ. Although the shape of the anterior adhesive organ, both within and between kenkiids and dendrocoelids, may differ considerably between species, they are all constructed according to the same principles. The monophyly of the Kenkiidae is supported by the presence of an apomorphic thickening of the marginal zone of the epidermis and presumably also by the presence of prepharyngeal testes. Within the Kenkiidae, the genus Macrocotyla should be considered as a junior synonym of Kenkia, which is characterized by the presence of an apomorphic Ôplanariid pharynx-type 2Õ. The monophyly of the Dendrocoelidae is suggested by the presence of a dendrocoelid type of pharynx. It is shown that multicellular eye cups with numerous photoreceptor cells are not restricted to the Dugesiidae and the Terricola but are also characteristic for the Dendrocoelidae; the phylogenetic implications of this character state distribution are discussed. It is pointed out that in planarians there may be a relationship between: (i) body size, the size of an eye cup and the number of its constituent pigment cells; and (ii) the size of an eye cup and the number of photoreceptor cells that it contains. Some tentative phylogenetic groups are suggested on the basis of the following presumed apomorphic characters: presence of transverse fibres in the ventral subepidermal musculature, presence of an extra longitudinal muscle layer in the outer pharynx musculature, a mouth opening that has shifted anteriad. It is suggested that the presumed monophyly of the genus Bdellocephala is supported by the apomorphic absence of a penis papilla, combined with a penial lumen provided with many plicae.</p>
1 aSluys, Ronald1 aKawakatsu, Masaharu  uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2006.00371.x/pdf